08 Jan This type of gland secretes

BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Module 01 Quiz

Question 1

Which type of tissue is diverse and typically contains a lot of extracellular space that supports and connects different type of tissues and organs of body?

Answers:

Muscular tissue

Connective tissue

Nerve tissue

Epithelial tissue

Question 2

A negative feedback loop will negate or reverse a stimulus within the body.

Answers:

True

False

Question 3

Which type of tissue transmits electrical signals?

Answers:

Nerve tissue

Epithelial tissue

Connective tissue

Muscular tissue

Question 4

What term best describes the genetic allele make up of an individual?

Answers:

Phenotype

Genotype

Autosomal recessive

Autosomal dominant

Question 5

Which statement best describes the term homeostasis?

Answers:

All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Balance of internal factors within the body such as blood sugar levels

A mechanism in the body to increase the metabolism

A mechanism to speed up chemical reactions

Question 6

A solution with a pH of 7 would be considered _____.

Answers:

basic

neutral

plasma

acidic

Question 7

Which type of tissue lines internal hollow organs, such as the bladder, and is continuously scraped off?

Answers:

Nerve tissue

Muscular tissue

Epithelial tissue

Connective tissue

Question 8

Autosomal recessive disorders will commonly affected individuals in each generation.

Answers:

True

False

Question 9

A positive feedback loop will negate or reverse a stimulus within the body.

Answers:

True

False

Question 10

The plasma membrane is mainly composed of this organic compound?

Answers:

Nucleic acids

Proteins

Lipids

Carbohydrates

Question 11

Which of the following organelles modified, concentrates, and packages lipids?

Answers:

Cytoskeleton

Peroxisomes

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Question 12

A solution with a pH of 12 would be considered _____.

Answers:

water

basic

neutral

acidic

Question 13

Which organic compound has the primary function of energy storage?

Answers:

Lipids

Carbohydrates

Nucleic acids

Proteins

Question 14

Which type of tissue lacks blood vessels, has little to no matrix, and has cells that are tightly packed together?

Answers:

Nerve tissue

Epithelial tissue

Connective tissue

Muscular tissue

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical bond?

Answers:

Covalent bonding

Ionic bonding

Hydrogen bonding

Paired bonding

BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Module 02 Quiz

Question 1

Which type of burn affects the epidermis and dermis and commonly results in blisters?

Answers:

Third degree

Second degree

Full thickness

First degree

Question 2

If a patient sustained burns on the anterior and posterior right arm, which percentage of his body is damaged?

Answers:

25%

9%

18%

36%

Question 3

What is NOT a complication of burns?

Answers:

Decreased function of immune system

Loss of bodily fluids

Infection

Circulatory shock

Question 4

Which of the following glands secretes milk?

Answers:

Eccrine glands

Mammary glands

Apocrine glands

Ceruminous glands

Question 5

Which choice is true of collagen fibers?

Answers:

They provide an ability of the skin to stretch and retain its shape

They are found in the epidermis

They create the dermal papillae

They provide structural support to the integument

Question 6

Which choice is NOT a description of a function of the integument system?

Answers:

Assists in the production of vitamin C

Assists in the inhibition of bacterial reproduction

Assists in the regulation of body temperature

Assists in the excretion of nitrogen containing waste products

Question 7

What structure and/or substance is NOT found within the dermis?

Answers:

Blood vessels

Keratin

Sweat glands

Nerve tissue

Question 8

Melanoma is the most treatable and curable of the types of skin cancer.

Answers:

True

False

Question 9

Skin cancer originates in which layer of the skin?

Answers:

Dermis

Hypodermis

Epidermis

Question 10

Hair and nails are mainly composed of what substance?

Answers:

Elastic fibers

Keratin

Collagen fibers

Melanocytes

Question 11

Vascularization of the integumentary system is found primarily in which layer?

Answers:

Dermis

Epidermis

Stratum granulosum

Stratum corneum

Question 12

Which of the following choices makes up the majority of the dermis and contains glands, hair follicles, and muscular tissue?

Answers:

Hypodermis

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

Stratum basale

Question 13

Which type of gland is responsible for secreting an oily substance that helps to lubricate and soften the skin and hair?

Answers:

Ceruminous gland

Sebaceous gland

Eccrine gland

Apocrine gland

Question 14

Which layer of skin is the outer most layer and contains dead cells that are filled with keratin?

Answers:

Stratum spinosum

Stratum corneum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum basale

Question 15

Extensions of dermis up into the epidermis that are responsible for fingerprints are called:

Answers:

Dermal papillae

Reticular layer

Friction ridges

Flexure lines

BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Module 03 Quiz

Question 1

Which statement is true regarding an osteon?

Answers:

Osteons are epithelial cells

Found in both spongy and compact bone

Osteocytes do not contain blood vessels

Canaliculi connect lacunae to the central canal

Question 2

Every short bone has an epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis, and medullary cavity.

Answers:

True

False

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a substance found within bone tissue?

Answers:

Collagen fibers

Phosphate

Elastic fibers

Calcium

Question 4

Which choice best relates to and/or describes Wolff’s law of bone?

Answers:

Influences calcium absorption by the body

The shape and density of bone is determined by the mechanical stresses placed upon it

Calcium homeostasis of blood

The amount of blood flow to bone tissue

Question 5

The majority of bones in the body are formed by endochondral ossification, where a cartilage model of bone is eventually converted to bone.

Answers:

True

False

Question 6

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Answers:

Ulna

Lunate

Tibia

Ribs

Question 7

Bone remodeling is a function of what cells?

Answers:

Osteocytes and osteoclasts

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Osteocytes and chondroblasts

Osteocytes and osteoblasts

Question 8

Which of the following bones can be found in the wrist?

Answers:

Cuboid

Calcaneus

Talus

Scaphoid

Question 9

The inorganic portion of the extracellular matrix space is produced by the osteoblasts.

Answers:

True

False

Question 10

What is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Answers:

Protection

Homeostasis of magnesium and phosphate

Hematopoietic (blood cell production) site

Movement

Question 11

Which type of bone cell is activated with the release of parathyroid hormone?

Answers:

Osteoclast

Osteoblast

Osteocyte

Osteogenic

Question 12

Red bone marrow is found in:

Answers:

The medullary cavity

Spongy bone

Compact bone

The blood stream

Question 13

The trabeculae of spongy bone are well organized and align precisely along lines of stress, which ultimately help bone resist stress.

Answers:

True

False

Question 14

Which of the following is classified as a facial bone?

Answers:

Occipital bone

Hyoid bone

Maxilla

Temporal bone

Question 15

Which of the following bones can be found in the lower extremity?

Answers:

Metacarpals

Navicular

Scapula

Pisiform

BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Module 04 Quiz

Question 1

What statement is true of smooth muscle?

Answers:

It has a striated appearance when viewed under a microscope

Its contraction is controlled by the same mechanism as skeletal muscle

It only contracts through conscious control

It is found mainly within internal organs such as the bladder and uterus

Question 2

Which statement is NOT true regarding muscle contraction?

Answers:

Calcium ions bind to the tropomyosin protein

The thick filament is composed of the myosin protein

The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores the calcium ions that is released within the muscle cell during contraction

Actin is the protein on the thin filament that binds to the thick filament

Question 3

Which of the following directly covers a skeletal muscle?

Answers:

Perimysium

Epimysium

Sarcolemma

Endomysium

Question 4

Which choice best describes the function of myoglobin?

Answers:

It is a specialized protein on the thin filament

Stores glycogen

Assists in attaching the thick filament to the thin filament

It provides a reserve supply of oxygen for the muscle cell

Question 5

Which choice best describes the function T-tubules have within muscle contraction?

Answers:

Transmit the action potential deep into the muscle cell

Help align the thick and thin filament for contraction

Store glycogen

Store and release calcium ions into the cell interior for muscle contraction

Question 6

Which of the following is true of muscle contraction?

Answers:

ATP is converted to ADP during a power stroke.

The T-tubules release stored sodium and magnesium to initiate an action potential.

The Z-disks move farther apart during contraction.

The H-zone lengthens during contraction.

Question 7

Which statement is true regarding muscle contraction?

Answers:

The power stroke occurs when the thick filament binds to the thin filament

ATP is needed to release the thick filament from the thin filament

Tropomyosin protein binds to the actin protein

The T-tubules store the calcium ions within the internal part of the muscle cell

Question 8

Which statement is true regarding slow oxidative muscle fibers?

Answers:

It is fatigue resistant

Appears white in color within a specimen

They don’t contain myoglobin

They can contract only for short period of times

Question 9

Which of the following proteins blocks the active site on actin during relaxation?

Answers:

Myosin

Troponin

Actin

Tropomyosin

Question 10

Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid as a by-product but creates more ATP for muscle contraction when compared to aerobic respiration.

Selected Answer:

False

Answers:

True

False

Question 11

Which statement is NOT true regarding muscle contraction?

Answers:

ATP is needed for the thick filament to bind to the thin filament

Tropomyosin protein covers the binding sites for the thick filament on the actin protein

The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores the calcium ions that are released within the muscle cell

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that binds to the sarcolemma

Question 12

Which of the following is true of skeletal muscle tissue?

Answers:

Each cell has a single nucleus.

A skeletal muscle fiber typically contains a sarcolemma, t-tubules, and myofibrils.

Skeletal muscle cells have the same shape as smooth muscle cells.

A muscle cell is composed of hundreds of muscle fibers.

Question 13

Which of the following passes through the sarcoplasm, causing the sarcoplasmic reticulum to open its “gates”?

Answers:

Calcium

Sodium

Action potential

ATP

Question 14

Which structure separates one fascicle from another in a muscle?

Answers:

Perimysium

Epimysium

Fascia

Endomysium

Question 15

Which of the following substances is the neurotransmitter released from motor neurons initiating muscle contraction?

Answers:

Acetylcholinesterase

Acetylcholine

Dopamine

Norepinephrine

BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Module 05 Midterm Quiz

Question 1

The last step in bone fracture repair is the formation of the fibrocartilaginous callus.

Answers:

True

False

Question 2

Skin cancer originates in the dermis of the skin.

Answers:

True

False

Question 3

Which statement is true regarding the hip?

Answers:

It is less stable than the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

It has a ligament that connects the femoral head into the acetabulum

It is one of the most commonly dislocated joints in the body

It is considered a syndesmosis joint

Question 4

Which of the following is found in the dermis layer of skin?

Answers:

Subcutaneous fat

Elastic fibers

Granulosum layer

Melanin

Question 5

Which of the following muscles is considered a rotator cuff muscle?

Answers:

Subscapularis

Teres major

Pectoralis major

Levator scapula

Question 6

Hematopoiesis is a primary function of the muscular system.

Answers:

True

False

Question 7

The arrangement of the fascicles in a muscle influences the direction a muscle will contract.

Answers:

True

False

Question 8

Which bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?

Answers:

Osteocyte

Osteoblast

Osteogenic

Osteoclast

Question 9

Which of the following choices contains ridges that are ultimately responsible for fingerprints?

Answers:

Flexure lines

Dermal papillae

Friction ridges

Reticular layer

Question 10

Which statement is true regarding the epiphyseal plates?

Answers:

They are completely ossified by 5-10 years of age

They can be utilized to determine whether a bone is still growing longitudinally

Commonly found in the center of the metaphysis of long bones

It is a result of bone being converted into cartilage so the bone can grow

Question 11

DNA is stored in which cellular organelle?

Answers:

Gogli apparatus

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the integument system?

Answers:

Excretion of fat cells

Assist in the production of vitamin C

Assist in regulation of the body temperature

Assist in the protection of calcium loss within the body

Question 13

Acetylcholine molecules must bind to troponin in order for the muscle contraction process to occur.

Answers:

True

False

Question 14

The organic components of the extracellular matrix space include collagen fibers.

Answers:

True

False

Question 15

Which statement is true of the epiphyseal plates of bones?

Answers:

Found in bones of adults and children

Allow for longitudinal bone growth to occur

Produce the blood cells for the skeletal system

Largely composed of collagen and elastic fibers

Question 16

Which of the choices is true regarding muscle contraction?

Answers:

A nerve impulse (action potential) is required to have sodium and potassium released into the synaptic cleft

T-tubules help transmit the action potential deep into muscle cell to stimulate the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum

ATP is needed for the power stroke to occur

The myosin head binds to the troponin and tropomyosin proteins of the thin filament

Question 17

A bursa can reduce the friction of a tendon rubbing over a bone.

Answers:

True

False

Question 18

Wolff’s law of bone states that bone density is directly related to the dietary ingestion of calcium.

Answers:

True

False

Question 19

Which statement is true of muscular tissue and/or muscle contraction?

Answers:

A sarcomere consists of thin filaments only

The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores the acetylcholine molecules utilized for muscle contraction

Slow oxidative muscle fibers contain myoglobin giving these fibers a reddish color

The passing of the action potential from the nerve to the muscle cell occurs because the nerve is in direct contact with the muscle cell

Question 20

Which statement is true regarding articulations?

Answers:

The cartilage found between two vertebrae is elastic cartilage

The wrist joint is classified as a synovial joint

The hip joint contains a meniscus which helps stabilizes the joint

The knee joint has six main ligaments that stabilize it

Question 21

Osmosis is the movement of random molecules from a low to high concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Answers:

True

False

Question 22

Which statement is true regarding osteoporosis?

Answers:

It is loss of density of the matrix in spongy bone only

It is most commonly diagnosed in pre-menopausal women

Vitamin D plays an important role in its prevention

Vertebrae and femoral neck fractures are a common complication in males only

Question 23

This type of gland secretes an oily secretion that helps lubricate and keeps the skin and hair from becoming dry and brittle?

Answers:

Eccrine gland

Ceruminous gland

Sebaceous gland

Apocrine gland

Question 24

Which statement is true regarding osteoarthritis?

Answers:

It commonly occurs in younger individuals

Degenerative changes occur to the articular cartilage

The damage is usually reversible

It is an autoimmune disease

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true of a synovial joint?

Answers:

The synovial joint is stabilized by bursae

The joint cavity space tends to stay the same through life even with trauma

The bursae produce synovial fluid

Synovial fluid lubricates the joint and prevents excessive wear on the joints

Question 26

A ligament connects a muscle to a bone, while a tendon stabilizes a joint by connecting or joining one bone to another.

Answers:

True

False

Question 27

Which choice is true regarding myoglobin?

Answers:

Found in fast oxidative muscle fibers

It is a molecule that can store oxygen molecules within the muscle cell

It causes muscle cells to have a white color/appearance

It is a molecule that can store glycogen to be used to make ATP

Question 28

Which of the following protein molecules provides the binding site for the myosin heads?

Answers:

Tropomyosin

Actin

Troponin

Myofilament

Question 29

Which choice is true regarding bone tissue?

Answers:

Trabeculae are found within compact bone

The periosteum is the inner, blood cell producing portion of bone

Osteocytes reside within a little open space called lacuna within bone tissue

One of the organic materials of bone include calcium

Question 30

Which cellular organelle is responsible for the production of ATP?

Answers:

Mitochondria

Lysosome

Gogli

apparatus

Nucleus

Question 31

A motor unit is composed of all the muscle fibers that one motor neuron innervates.

Answers:

True

False

Question 32

Which statement is true regarding muscles?

Answers:

The antagonist muscle or muscle group opposes a movement of a particular muscle or muscle group

A sprain is damage to a muscle or its tendon

The insertion point of a muscle is attached to the fixed bone during joint motion

All muscles have multiple origin points

Question 33

Which of the following composes the majority of the epidermis?

Answers:

Melanocytes

Keratinocytes

Basal cells

Osteocytes

Question 34

The process of detaching the thick filament from the thin filament during muscle relaxation requires ATP.

Answers:

True

False

Question 35

Increasing intensity of contractions during labor is an example of negative feedback.

Answers:

True

False

Question 36

Autosomal recessive traits and disorders are typically expressed in each generation.

Answers:

True

False

Question 37

A strain occurs when there is damage to:

Answers:

Ligaments

Tendons

Synovial sheaths

Articular cartilage

Question 38

Which choice best describes the function of the Haversian (central) canals within bone?

Answers:

To provide nutrients to the bone cells

To provide protection to the bone cells

To reduce weight of bone tissue

To produce new elastic fibers within bone

Question 39

This type of tissue is exposed to external environments, lines hollow organs such as the stomach and bladder, and plays an integral role in the epidermis.

Answers:

Nervous tissue

Muscular tissue

Connective tissue

Epithelial tissue

Question 40

Which statement is true regarding the skeletal system?

Answers:

Compact bone of flat bones in adults is commonly filled with red bone marrow

External stresses placed on bone (such as exercise) will decrease the bone matrix density

Osteocytes are “connected” to one another via canaliculi

Osteoclasts secrete collagen fibers to increase bone density

Question 41

The majority of joints within the body are classified as:

Answers:

Cartilaginous

Fibrous

Synovial

Synarthroses

Question 42

Which statement best describes epimysium?

Answers:

It is a protective connective tissue covering around a entire muscle

It is a pathway for blood vessels to reach the muscle cells

It is a connective tissue covering a group muscle cells (fibers)

It is a connective tissue covering around an individual muscle cell (fiber)

Question 43

Which statement is true of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

Answers:

The glenoid cavity can be found on the clavicle

The bones of the shoulder joint include the humerus, scapula and sternum

The shoulder is among the most stable joints in the body

The SITS muscle tendons help stabilize the shoulder joint

Question 44

Which statement is true of articulations (joints)?

Answers:

Cartilaginous joints are freely moveable

Cranial bone sutures are classified as fibrous joints

Bursas assist cartilaginous joints function

Tendons are essential to the stabilization of suture joints

Question 45

Aerobic respiration creates lactic acid as a byproduct but produces far more ATP than anaerobic respiration.

Answers:

True

False

Question 46

Which statement is true of articulations (joints)?

Answers:

The shoulder joint is mainly stabilized by the trapezius and pectoral muscles

The glenohumeral joint contains mensci to help minimize wear and tear on the joint surfaces

Damage done to joints by osteoarthritis is easily reversible

The ends of bones within a synovial joint are all covered with articular cartilage

Question 47

Which statement is true regarding synovial joints?

Answers:

Every synovial joint cavity contains fibrocartilage

The joint cavity is completely surrounded by an articular capsule

Elastic cartilage covers the epiphyseal ends of articulating bones

Every synovial joint has a meniscus

Question 48

Parathyroid hormone will cause an increase activity in which of the following cells?

Answers:

Osteoclasts

Osteoblasts

Osteocytes

Osteogenic cells

Question 49

Which type of skin cancer has the highest fatality rate?

Answers:

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Keratinoma

Melanoma

Question 50

Enzymes are used to speed up chemical reactions within the body.

Answers:

True

False

BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Module 06 Quiz

Question 1

Which statement is true regarding the motor (efferent) division of the nervous system?

Answers:

Transmits information from the central nervous system to the body

Pertains to sensory information/stimuli

It is part of the central nervous system

Delivers information about the external environment to the brain

Question 2

Which statement is true regarding neurons?

Answers:

Both the axons and dendrites receive information from other neurons and cells

The nucleus of the neuron is located in the axon

Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal(s)

Myelin sheaths provide protection to the axons but slow the nerve impulse (action potential) through it

Question 3

Which statement is true regarding neurons?

Answers:

They are only found in the central nervous system

Dendrites pass information from the neuron to another cell

All axons have myelin sheaths surrounding them

The action potential is transmitted from the cell body to the axon terminal

Question 4

Action potential is unique to neurons and muscle cells. Other body cells do not use this process.

Answers:

True

False

Question 5

Chemicals released at the axon terminal are called

Answers:

Inhibitors

Neurons

Neurotransmitters

Secretions

Question 6

An action potential can only be propagated along a myelinated axon.

Answers:

True

False

Question 7

During the repolarization phase of an action potential, the neuron begins to regain its negative internal charge.

Answers:

True

False

Question 8

The generation or creation of an action potential depends on the strength of the stimulus a neuron receives.

Answers:

True

False

Question 9

Which statement is true regarding the neuron synapse?

Selected Answer:

Binding of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic neuron membrane can generate an action potential in that neuron

Answers:

The presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron membranes are not physically separated

Binding of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic neuron membrane can generate an action potential in that neuron

The binding of a neurotransmitter always causes an excitatory effect on that cell, never inhibitory

The human body only uses one type of neurotransmitter in all of its synapses

Question 10

Which statement is true regarding neurons?

Answers:

Sensory (afferent) neurons transmit information from the brain to muscles

Motor (efferent) neurons transmit information from one muscle to another muscle

Interneurons are found in both the central and peripheral nervous system

Sensory (afferent) and Motor (efferent) neurons are considered part of the peripheral nervous system

Question 11

As long as neurotransmitters are bound to a receptor, ion channels remain open.

Answers:

True

False

Question 12

Dopamine is categorized as which structural type of neurotransmitter?

Answers:

Muscle contractor

Biogenic Amines

Amino acids

Inhibitory

Question 13

Which statement is true regarding the nervous system?

Answers:

Neuroglia cells are only responsible for providing immunity to the nervous cells

Depolarization is the reduction of the membrane potential; going from negative to a more positive charge

Neurons can communicate with other cells without the use of neurotransmitters

Damaged myelin on an axon has no effect with its ability to transmit an action potential

Question 14

During an action potential, positive ions move into the cell as the depolarization spreads down the axon.

Answers:

True

False

Question 15

The autonomic nervous system is a sub-division of sensory (afferent) division?

Answers:

True

False

BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Module 07 Quiz

Question 1

What part of the brain controls and is associated with body posture, balance and equilibrium along with coordination of motor activity?

Answers:

Frontal lobe

Cerebellum

Medulla

Occipital lobe

Question 2

The ventral horn sends efferent information from the CNS to the body via the ventral root.

Answers:

True

False

Question 3

In reference to the spinal cord, both the anterior horn and posterior horn carry afferent neurons.

Answers:

True

False

Question 4

Which of the following is considered an ascending tract?

Answers:

Spinothalamic tract

Lateral corticospinal tract

Vestibulospinal tract

Anterior corticospinal tract

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

Answers:

The cauda equine can be found in the thoracic spine.

The spinal cord terminates at L5, just above the sacrum.

White matter in the spinal cord is arranged into “columns”.

White matter is found in the dorsal horn and ventral horn of the spinal cord.

Question 6

An epidural will puncture through the meninges to inject medication or extract cerebral spinal fluid.

Selected Answer:

False

Answers:

True

False

Question 7

Which statement is true regarding the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Answers:

CSF is only found within and around the brain

CSF is reabsorbed by the dura mater

A function of the CSF is to control the blood flow into and out of the central nervous system

CSF is produced by choroid plexus in the ventricles of the brain

Question 8

The thalamus helps regulate sensations, learning, memory, and motor activities.

Answers:

True

False

Question 9

Which choice best describes the effect of destruction of the ventral (anterior) horns neurons in the spinal cord?

Answers:

Loss of transmission of sensory information/input from body

Loss of transmission of motor information/input to body

Inability to transmit information to the brain

Inability to perceive pain

Question 10

Which statement is true regarding the spinal nerve and cord?

Answers:

As a spinal nerve approaches the spinal cord, it separates into lateral and medial roots

Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramen of the vertebrae

The dorsal root of the spinal nerves transmit (carry) information from the central nervous system out to the body

A spinal nerve a single sensory axon and single motor axon

Question 11

Which statement is true regarding the meninges?

Answers:

The arachnoid mater is attached directly to the cerebral cortex.

Prescription medications can easily pass through the meninges to treat brain conditions

The subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid

The meninges forms a portion of blood brain barrier

Question 12

Which part or region of the brain controls and is associated with perceiving information from the general sensory receptors in the skin such as the perception of touch?

Answers:

Limbic system

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Wernicke’s region

Question 13

Which of these choices is the deepest layer of the meninges?

Answers:

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

Cranial mater

Question 14

The cerebellum is responsible for sense of balance, proprioception, coordination, and precision movement.

Answers:

True

False

Question 15

Which choice is true regarding the brain stem?

Answers:

The midbrain contains visual and auditory reflex centers

One of the pons functions is to control behavior and emotion.

The pons contains nuclei centers that control actions like heart rate, respiratory rate and coughing

The limbic system is part of the medulla

BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Module 08 Quiz

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the deep tendon reflex?

Answers:

Muscle contraction occurs when its tendon is stretched quickly in order to protect the muscle/tendon from tearing injury.

It’s always initiated by a painful stimulus

Causes an automatic response that withdrawals the body from a painful stimulus

It accompanies the flexor response to prevent movement.

Question 2

Which of the following choices is an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answers:

Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles

Increased blood pressure

Dilation of the bronchi in the lungs to increase airflow

Stimulates elimination of wastes such as feces and urine

Question 3

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for which of the following functions?

Answers:

Decreased heart rate

Increased respiration rate

Decreased blood flow to digestive organs

Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles

Question 4

What statement is true regarding the sympathetic nervous system?

Answers:

The preganglionic axons originate from the cervical region of the spinal cord

All of the postganglionic axons originate in the cerebrum

The postganglionic fibers are all very short in length when compared to the postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system

Prepares the body for “fight or flight” activities/responses

Question 5

Which of the following components is the first step in the reflex arc?

Answers:

Receptor

Sensory neuron

Integration

Effector

Question 6

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the parasympathetic response in a wide variety of internal organs including the heart, lungs, intestines and liver?

Answers:

CN V: Trigeminal nerve

CN X: Vagus nerve

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal nerve

CN IV: Trochlear nerve

Question 7

Which of the following choices is true regarding reflexes?

Answers:

Neural integration (processing) of all reflexes occurs in the brain

Somatic reflexes activate skeletal muscle

The motor neuron of a reflex arc transmit afferent impulses to the spinal cord

The stretch or tendon reflexes are only present in children under 5 years of age

Question 8

A lower motor neuron only innervates skeletal muscles.

Answers:

True

False

Question 9

Which of the following choices forms the Sciatic nerve and branches into the Tibial and Common Fibular Nerves?

Answers:

Cervical Plexus

Brachial Plexus

Lumbar Plexus

Sacral Plexus

Question 10

Which major nerve is the largest and thickest nerve in the body and innervates a majority of the entire lower limb?

Answers:

Sciatic nerve

Ulnar nerve

Sacral nerve

Axillary nerve

Question 11

Which statement is true regarding spinal nerves?

Answers:

The dorsal root of the spinal nerve will contain motor fibers (axons) that innervate the skeletal muscles

All 31 spinal nerves contain thousands of individual nerve fibers (axons) carrying information to and from the spinal cord

Spinal nerves only innervate the skin, muscles and joints

Each spinal nerve is designated as a motor nerve only or a sensory nerve only

Question 12

A ganglia is a collection of nerve cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system.

Answers:

True

False

Question 13

Upper motor neurons are efferent neurons that originate in the cerebrum or brain stem.

Answers:

True

False

Question 14

Referred pain is when the brain perceives visceral pain as somatic pain.

Answers:

True

False

Question 15

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for which of the following functions?

Answers:

Dilating pupils

Constricting bronchioles

Decreasing blood pressure

Increasing urinary function

BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Module 09 Quiz

Question 1

The sclera is part of which layer of the eye?

Answers:

Fibrous layer

Inner layer

Vascular layer

It is not associated with a layer of the eye

Question 2

Olfactory tract damage would affect which of your special senses?

Answers:

Sight

Taste

Smell

Hearing

Question 3

Movement of the cupula within the semicircular canals initiates the detection of acceleration or de-acceleration by moving the sensory hair cells.

Answers:

True

False

Question 4

Which statement is true regarding vision and eye anatomy?

Answers:

The rod cells are involved in color vision and cones are involved in black and white vision

The cornea changes thickness to appropriately refract light coming into the eye

The lacrimal gland is responsible for producing tears to cleanse and lubricate the eye surface

The vitreous humor (body) is located anterior to the lens

Question 5

What statement is true regarding the eye?

Answers:

The fovea centralis of the macula lutea has the highest concentration of rod cells

The muscles of the eye are all controlled by peripheral nerves

The ciliary processes of the eye secrete the fluid that fills that anterior chamber of the eye

The fovea centralis is the blind spot of the eye

Question 6

Gustation is the medical term that refers to the sense of smell.

Answers:

True

False

Question 7

Myopia occurs when the refracted light (focal point) is focused in front of the retina.

Answers:

True

False

Question 8

The malleus, incus, and stapes can be found in which part of the ear?

Answers:

Inner ear

Middle ear

Outer ear

External ear

Question 9

Which statement is true regarding balance and equilibrium within the inner ear?

Answers:

The spiral organ plays a vital role in balance

Unlike hearing, equilibrium is not innervated with a cranial nerve

The saccule and utricle depend on otoliths to assist in stimulating their sensory hair cells

The inner ear is innervated by cranial nerve (CN) VII, the facial nerve.

Question 10

Which choice is true regarding the eye?

Answers:

A hyperopic eye occurs when the refracted light is focused behind the retina

The sclera is part of the internal eye and changes shape to focus light

A function of the ciliary body is to absorb light and prevent it from scattering around the eye

The lens shape and thickness cannot be adjusted

Question 11

Which statement is true regarding the special senses?

Answers:

If the olfactory bulb is damaged, an individual’s sense of equilibrium will be partially lost

If the light entering the eye is refracted on two different areas of the retina, double vision will occur

If an individual is missing a particular category of rod cells, he or she will be colorblind

Conductive hearing loss can result from damaged or dead hair cells (stereocilia)

Question 12

What condition causes the lens to become defective due to clouding and leads to distorted vision?

Selected Answer:

Cataracts

Answers:

Glaucoma

Cataracts

Astigmatism

Conjunctivitis

Question 13

Which of the following structures is in direct contact with the tympanic membrane?

Answers:

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

Utricle

Question 14

Which special sense does not depend on an organ with sensory hairs to assist in their function?

Answers:

Hearing

Sight

Smell

Taste

Question 15

When the sound waves are blocked from reaching the inner ear, resulting in impaired hearing, this is referred to as:

Answers:

Sensorineural hearing loss

Conductive hearing loss

Tinnitus

Vertigo

BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Module 10 Quiz

Question 1

Which endocrine gland is associated with and directly responsible for increasing and/or decreasing blood sugar levels?

Answers:

Thyroid gland

Adrenal glands

Thymus gland

Pancreas

Question 2

Which endocrine hormone is associated with directly decreasing blood sugar levels?

Answers:

Thyroid hormone

Glucagon

Prolactin

Insulin

Question 3

Which statement is true regarding the endocrine system?

Answers:

The pancreas produces and secretes insulin and aldosterone

Both male and female gonads are influenced by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

The thyroid only produces and secretes out hormones that influence the body’s metabolism

The pineal gland is located in the lower neck region of the body

Question 4

Which of the following structures synthesizes catecholamines that are released during activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answers:

Adrenal cortex

Adrenal medulla

Pancreas

Thyroid

Question 5

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the production of eggs in females and sperm in males.

True

False

Question 6

Which statement is true regarding endocrine system disorders?

Answers:

Excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) in children can lead to gigantism

Hyperthryoidism leads to an increase of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Diabetes type 1 results from over-secretion of insulin and cellular resistance to insulin

Decreased levels of iodine in the body can lead to imbalances of pancreatic hormones

Question 7

A goiter is a common feature in which of the following disorders?

Answers:

Addison’s disease

Hypothyroidism

Diabetes Type 1

Diabetes Type 2

Question 8

Which endocrine hormone is associated with prescription medications that are used to suppress the immune system and have anti-inflammation properties?

Answers:

Cortisol

Aldosterone

Glucagon

Melatonin

Question 9

Which of the following hormones stimulates milk production in mammary glands?

Answers:

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Prolactin

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Question 10

Secretion of both Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) is stimulated by which of these hormones?

Answers:

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Antidiuretic hormone

Oxytocin

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 11

Which endocrine hormone is associated with influencing an individual’s circadian rhythm (sleep/wake cycle)?

Answers:

Aldosterone

Melatonin

Cortisol

Prolactin

Question 12

Which of the following hormones targets the adrenal cortex?

Answers:

Growth Hormone (GH)

Oxytocin

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Question 13

What statement is NOT true regarding hypothyroidism and the thyroid gland?

Answers:

An individual will have symptoms of weight gain, dry skin and fatigue

Iodine is vital to the function of the thyroid hormone

In some cases of hypothyroidism, a goiter can result

There will be decrease levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 14

Which endocrine gland is associated with and directly responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol that influence the body’s stress response?

Answers:

Thyroid gland

Adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands

Pancreas

Adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands

Question 15

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 develops over time and is largely due to lifestyle factors.

Answers:

True

False

BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Module 11 Quiz

Question 1

Both the epidermis and dermis contain blood vessels.

Question 2

Which statement is true regarding a spinal (peripheral) nerve?

Question 3

The autonomic nervous system will innervate both internal organs and skeletal muscles.

Question 4

Wolff’s law of bone states that bone density is directly related to the stress placed on the bone.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT necessary for muscle contraction to occur?

Question 6

The sense of taste depends upon the binding of food molecules dissolved in saliva onto sensory hair cells.

Question 7

The melanocytes are the most common cell in the epidermis and produce melanin.

Question 8

The spiral organ contains hair cells that form action potentials when stimulated to allow for the sense of smell to occur.

Question 9

The central nervous system provides neural integration of efferent information transmitted from the autonomic nervous system.

Question 10

Which statement is true regarding action potentials?

Question 11

A dermatome is associated with a specific cranial nerve that innervates the body’s skin.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding the eye?

Question 13

Hyperthyroidism is commonly caused by insufficient amounts of the element iodine within the body.

Question 14

What statement is true regarding reflexes?

Question 15

Which of the following muscles is considered a rotator cuff muscle?

Question 16

Energy is created in which cellular organelle?

Question 17

Grey matter of nerve tissue in a region or collection of nerve cell bodies whose main function is to transmit nerve impulses from one region of the nervous system to another.

Question 18

All of the following cranial nerves are involved in motor control of eye movement, EXCEPT:

Question 19

The cerebellum is primarily involved with conscious thought and emotions.

Question 20

Which statement is true regarding the skeletal system?

Question 21

A ligament connects a muscle to a bone, while a tendon stabilizes a joint by connecting or joining one bone to another.

Question 22

Which statement is true of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration?

Question 23

Which statement is true of epiphyseal plates?

Question 24

The parasympathetic nervous system is a branch of the somatic efferent peripheral nervous system while the sympathetic is a branch of the viscera efferent peripheral nervous system.

Question 25

Which statement is true regarding the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Question 26

Which of the following is not an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Question 27

Which statement is true regarding the endocrine system?

Question 28

Which of the following choices best describes the joint between the fontal bone and parietal bones?

Question 29

The epidermis is composed of which type of tissue?

Question 30

Which of the following is found in the epidermis layer of skin?

Question 31

Which statement is true regarding myelin sheaths?

Question 32

Which statement is true regarding the CNS?

Question 33

Peripheral neuropathy can cause damage to axons of peripheral nerves leading to dysfunction of the conduction of an action potential.

Question 34

Which endocrine hormone is involved with increasing the blood calcium levels of the body?

Question 35

All of the following are symptoms of hypothyroidism, EXCEPT:

Question 36

The nerve plexuses of the body allow for individual nerves to have axons from multiple nerve root levels.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true regarding the special senses?

Question 38

The spinal cord travels from the foramen magnum of the occipital bone down to the sacrum region.

Question 39

Which endocrine hormone is stored in the posterior pituitary and increases the amount of water reabsorbed in the kidneys increasing blood pressure and blood volume?

Question 40

Both aldosterone and antidiuretic hormones have indirect effects of increasing blood volume and blood pressure.

Question 41

Blockage of the auditory (Eustachian) tube can result in conductive hearing loss.

Question 42

One of the main functions of the gyri and sulci is to allow for increased surface area of the cerebral cortex.

Question 43

A ligament can reduce the friction of a tendon rubbing over a bone.

Question 44

Calcitonin will cause an increase activity in which of the following cells?

Question 45

Which sense organ allows for detection of the position of the head in the gravitational field?

Question 46

A motor unit is composed of one entire muscle and all the nerves that innervate it..

Question 47

This type of gland secretes an oily secretion that helps lubricate and keeps the skin and hair from becoming dry and brittle?

Question 48

Which endocrine hormone, in higher quantities, can suppress the function of the immune system and decrease inflammation of the body?

Question 49

Addison’s disease is due to increased amounts of cortisol being secreted.

Question 50

Which type of neuroglia cell forms myelin sheaths on axons within the peripheral nervous system?