13 Jan C.The creation of drainage di

Question 1 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following people is INCORRECTLY matched with his/her environmental contribution?
A.Rachel Carson: Silent Spring
B.John Muir: Sierra Club
C.Paul Ehrlich: The Population Bomb
D.Theodore Roosevelt: Civilian Conservation Corps

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Question 2 of 25
4.0 Points
DDT was sprayed in a Long Island salt marsh over a period of years for mosquito control. A portion of the food web is as follows:

algae -> shrimp-> American eel -> Atlantic needlefish -> ring-billed gull

In which organism would biological magnification be MOST evident?
A.American eel
B.Ring-billed gull
C.Algae
D.Shrimp

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Question 3 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following statements about biogeochemical cycles is true?
A.They only include processes conducted by or within living organisms.
B.They pertain only to the abiotic environment.
C.They describe the movement of water and other materials through an ecosystem.
D.They only pertain to exchanges and interactions that occur within the atmosphere.

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Question 4 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following would be a symptom of acute toxicity?
A.asthma
B.arthritis
C.dizziness
D.cancer

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Question 5 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following series is organized in successive steps according to the levels of organization used by ecologists?
A.population -> ecosystem -> community
B.population -> community -> ecosystem
C.species -> community -> biosphere
D.species -> ecosystem -> population

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Question 6 of 25
4.0 Points
Corporations and governments began to take NEPA seriously after which of the following events?
A.Further legislation was added to strengthen NEPA.
B.The publication of Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring.
C.The creation of the EPA.
D.Environmental groups began suing individuals and organizations based on environmental impact statements.

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Question 7 of 25
4.0 Points
This figure BEST illustrates:

Graphic
A.how our atmosphere maintains its temperature.
B.how energy is recycled in an ecosystem.
C.the one-way flow of energy in an ecosystem.
D.the importance of decomposers in an ecosystem.

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Question 8 of 25
4.0 Points
The most common method of determining whether a chemical causes cancer is to expose groups of laboratory animals, such as rats, to various large doses and count how many animals develop cancer at the different levels. All of the following are problems with this approach in terms of understanding the health risks to humans EXCEPT:
A.This method is indirect and uncertain as human and rats are different organisms and may respond differently to exposure to the same chemical.
B.For expediting the research process, in lab settings rats are exposed to massive doses of suspected carcinogens relative to body size whereas humans are usually exposed to much lower amounts.
C.For ethical reasons, rats in lab settings are given very small doses of suspected carcinogens relative to body size whereas humans are usually exposed to much higher amounts
D.Risk assessment assumes that we can extrapolate from studies in rats to determine the expected rates of cancer in humans but extrapolating from one species to another and from one dose level to another is uncertain and may overestimate or underestimate a toxicant’s danger.

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Question 9 of 25
4.0 Points
How might the clearing of roads and pristine areas like the one shown below lead to an increase in infectious disease?

Graphic
A.Cars on the road can carry the diseases to cities.
B.Typhoid and cholera can spread from wild animals to drinking water.
C.The creation of drainage ditches provides habitat for disease carrying mosquitoes.
D.There is an increased risk of sewage leaking into the water supply.

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Question 10 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following statements BEST describes emerging diseases like swine flu?
A.Infectious diseases that were not previously found in humans and typically jump from an animal host to humans.
B.Infectious diseases that existed in the past but for a variety of reasons are increasing in incidence.
C.Infectious diseases that were previously found in humans and typically jump from a human host to animals.
D.Non-infectious diseases that have transformed into infectious diseases.

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Question 11 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following statements about dose-response curves is FALSE?
A.A dose-response curve shows the effect of different doses of a toxicant on a population.
B.Doses lower than the threshold level will have no measurable effect on organisms.
C.The smaller the LD50, the more toxic the chemical.
D.Studies of the dose-response curves of toxicants gives us assurance that for all chemicals there is a threshold level of the chemical so small amounts of chemical pollution pose no health risks

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Question 12 of 25
4.0 Points
Who wrote Man and Nature, one of the first books discussing human impact on global environmental change?
A.Paul Ehrlich
B.Rachel Carson
C.George Perkins Marsh
D.John Muir

Question 13 of 25
4.0 Points
Chemical A has a toxicity level of 1 and chemical B has a toxicity level of 2. If a mixture of the two chemicals has a toxicity level of 4, what can we say about the results of the mixture?
A.it was additive.
B.it was persistent.
C.it was synergistic.
D.it was antagonistic.

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Question 14 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following criticisms or backlash against the environmental movement in the 20th century are TRUE?

1. In the late 1990s some conservative research groups criticized what they perceived as a biased presentation of environmental issues, particularly the promotion of environmental activism, in schools.
2. Many economists such as Julian Simon have countered the dangers of overpopulation by pointing out that technological advances outpace the negative impacts of population growth.
3. Most of the world’s religions have rejected environmental themes by pointing out that such ideas are contrary to their religious teachings.

a) 1 only
b) 2only
c) 3 only
d) 1 and 2