15 Jan a. The partial tables have many

DATA205 Introductory Analytics (QC)

Quiz 5 Chapter 11-12, 14

Question 1 A researcher can demonstrate a strong association between gender and income. Which variable is independent?

Answers:

a. Both

b. Income

c. Neither

d. Gender

Question 2A researcher finds that males are much more supportive of cohabitation than females. The phi is 0.25.This is a __________ relationship.

Answers:

a. strong

b. negative

c. positive

d. moderate

Question 3For a 3 x 3 table, the appropriate chi square based measure of association would be

Answers:

a. both.

b. Cramer’s V.

c. phi.

d. neither.

Question 4If variables are arranged in a bivariate table, we can see if they are associated by

Answers:

a. computing percentages in the direction of the dependent variable.

b. computing percentages in the direction of the independent variable.

c. adding their scores vertically.

d. subtracting their scores horizontally.

Question 5 In a 2 x 2 table, phi ranges in value from

Answers:

a. 0 to ± 1.00.

b. 1 to 100.

c. -1.00 to + 1.00.

d. 0 to 1.00.

Question 6The characteristic(s) of a relationship between two variables that must be analyzed for a full understanding of the relationship is (are)

Answers:

a. the existence of an association.

b. the strength of an association.

c. the direction of an association.

d. All of the above

Question 7The relationship between measures of association and causal relations between variables may be summarized as

Answers:

a. association proves causation.

b. measures of association can be used only for prediction, never as evidence of a causal relationship between variables.

c. association and causation are unrelated concepts.

d. association does not prove causation.

Question 8Which of the following maximum differences would be considered a moderate relationship??

Answers:

a. ?35%

b. ?6%

c. ?12%

d. ?47%

Question 9A Chi square test has been conducted to assess the relationship between marital status and church attendance. The obtained Chi square is 23.45 and the critical Chi square is 9.488. What may be concluded?

Answers:

a. Reject the null hypothesis, church attendance and marital status are independent

b. Reject the null hypothesis, church attendance and marital status are dependent

c. Fail to reject the null hypothesis, church attendance and marital status are dependent

d. Fail to reject the null hypothesis, church attendance and marital status are independent

Question 10 A bivariate table in which both variables have three categories has

Answers:

a. nine cells.

b. three cells.

c. thirty-three cells.

d. six cells.

Question 11An obtained chi square of 10.78 has been calculated. Critical Chi square is 3.841. What should be concluded?

Answers:

a. Reject the null hypothesis, the variables are independent

b. Reject the null hypothesis, the variables are not independent

c. Nothing — information is incomplete

d. Fail to reject the null hypothesis

Question 12Cell frequencies computed under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true are called

Answers:

a. expected frequencies.

b. random frequencies.

c. experimental frequencies.

d. observed frequencies.

Question 13Chi square is used to test relationships for their

Answers:

a. logical importance.

b. statistical significance.

c. empirical importance.

d. theoretical importance.

Question 14How many degrees of freedom does a 3 x 3 bivariate table have?

Answers:

a. 8

b. 4

c. 3

d. 6

Question 15In the Chi square test, degrees of freedom are

Answers:

a. N1 + N2 – 2

b. N – 1

c. (r – 1)(c – 1)

d. (r + 1)(c + 1)

Question 16In the chi square test of hypothesis, the null hypothesis states that the variables are

Answers:

a. independent.

b. causally related.

c. non-random.

d. dependent.

Question 17The Chi square test is based on the assumption that

Answers:

a. the null hypothesis is true.

b. samples are non-random.

c. the variables are dependent.

d. the expected frequencies are not produced by random chance.

Question 18In multivariate analysis we investigate

Answers:

a. what happens when many variables are free to vary.

b. the mutual effects of two variables on each other.

c. what happens to the third variable when the first two are controlled.

d. how a specific bivariate relationship is affected by a control variable.

Question 19The technique of elaboration allows us to observe the relationship between the _______ variable and the ________ variable for each value of the ___________ variable.

Answers:

a. independent, dependent, control

b. control, independent, dependent

c. independent, control, dependent

d. All of the above

Question 20How many partial tables will be produced if a researcher controlled for gender?

Answers:

a. Three

b. One

c. Four

d. Two

Question 21If both the dependent and independent variables had three values and the control variable had four values, how many partial tables would be produced?

Answers:

a. Three

b. Four

c. Two

d. Twelve

Question 22If we investigate a bivariate relationship by controlling for gender, which of the following would be consistent with a direct relationship?

Answers:

a. There are many fewer men than women.

b. X and Y are related for men but not for women.

c. The relationship between X and Y is the same for men and women.

d. The bivariate relationship between X and Y is zero for both men and women.

Question 23 Interaction is said to exist when

Answers:

a. the partial tables differ from each other but are the same as the bivariate table.

b. the partial tables display a weaker relationship than the bivariate table.

c. the partial tables are the same but are different from the bivariate table.

d. the partial tables differ from each other and from the bivariate table.

Question 24The tables produced after controlling for a third variable are called

Answers:

a. control tables.

b. partial tables.

c. elaboration tables.

d. trivariate tables.

Question 25Which of the following describes a direct relationship between independent and dependent variables after controlling for a third variable?

Answers:

a. The partial tables have many empty cells.

b. The bivariate relationship changes across the partial tables.

c. The bivariate relationship is the same across the partial tables.

d. One partial table is the same as the bivariate table, the other(s) are very different.