18 Jan Original Positoin

PHI115 ETHICS

Exam 2

Question 1

True/False: According to Mill, a completely contented fool is happier than an intelligent person who is not fully satisfied with his or her lot.

Answers:

TRUE

FALSE

Question 2

Suppose you lie to me in order to obtain money from me. In that case, my decision to lend you money was not…

Answers:

voluntary

informed

decisionally-capacitated

Question 3

On what grounds does Mill think some pleasures can be judged higher or better than others?

Answers:

the undisputed superiority of the mind over the body

the compatibility of certain kinds of pleasure with moral virtue

the preference for one kind of pleasure over another shared by all of thsoe fully acquaiinted with both

all of these

Question 4

What is an imperative?

Answers:

It is a command.

It is a question.

It is a statement.

Question 5

True/False: The main idea for Rawls is that justice is fairness.

Answers:

TRUE

FALSE

Question 6

How does Mill define happiness?

Answers:

the fulfillment of one’s highest human potential

a life lived in accordance with virtue

pleasure and the absence of pain

the achievement of one’s goals

Question 7

True/False: Immanuel Kant is a consequentialist.

Answers:

TRUE

FALSE

Question 8

Which of Rawls’ principles requires that positions of authority and responsibility be held open, that is be accessible to everyone?

Answers:

First

Second

Question 9

Mill would most likely say that it is generally immoral to lie because:

Answers:

lying involves treating someone merely as a means.

lying undermines trustworthiness, which is indispensable to human well-being.

lying runs counter to the divine will.

to lie is to act according to a maxim that would not be universalized.

Question 10

True/False: Kant believes that it is possible to use ourselves merely as a means and not as an end.

Answers:

TRUE

FALSE

Question 11

If I am forced at gunpoint to give over my wallet, then my actions was not…

Answers:

voluntary

informed

decisionally-capacitated

Question 12

True/False: When behind the “veil of ignorance,” decision makers know their income level and socioeconomic status.

Answers:

TRUE

FALSE

Question 13

Which of the following is a hypothetical imperative?

Answers:

Don’t steal.

If you don’t want to go to prison, then don’t steal.

Stealing is a means of getting things.

Question 14

True/False: The utilitarian standard of right action is the happiness of the one performing the action.

Answers:

TRUE

FALSE

Question 15

Which of the following rules captures Mill’s understanding of utilitarian ethics?

Answers:

Love your neighbor as yourself

Act only according to maxims you would be willing to make into universal laws.

To thine own self be true.

Carpe diem (“Seize the day”).

Question 16

Which of the following is a categorical imperative?

Answers:

Help others.

If you want to be respected, then you should help others.

Helping others is good for the soul.

Question 17

True/False: According to Mill, pleasure is the only thing desirable for itself and not as a means to some other end.

Answers:

TRUE

FALSE

Question 18

Which of the following is THE Categorical Imperative?

Answers:

Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

Always act in such a way that you make the world a better place.

I ought never to act in such a way that I couldn’t also will that the maxim on which I act should be a universal law.

Question 19

Suppose I have a hammer and use that hammer to drive nails into wood while I’m building a house. I am using that hammer ____________

Answers:

as an end

merely as a means

Question 20

Suppose that I go to a restaurant. I consent to being there and the wait staff consent to being there and waiting on me. In such a case, when I order food I am using the staff__________

Answers:

as an end

merely as a means

Question 21

How should basic liberties or freedoms be distributed, according to Rawls?

Answers:

Basic freedoms can be distributed to anyone so long as a majority of the people vote for it.

Basic freedoms can be distributed to some but not to others so long as this benefits everyone.

Basic freedoms have to be distributed equally.

Basic freedoms have to be distributed unequally. It’s the only way for this to work.

Question 22

Mill’s supreme principle of morality is…

Answers:

the categorical imperative

the principle of utility

the natural law

the formula of the end in itself

Question 23

True/False: Utilitarians tend to rank pleasures of the mind higher than pleasures of the body.

Answers:

TRUE

FALSE

Question 24

Consent requires that an action be….

Answers:

voluntary

informed

decisionally-capacitated

all of the above

Question 25

The initial state which insures that the fundamental agreements reached in it are fair is called what?

Answers:

Status quo

Original Positoin

Distributive justice

Continental Congress