18 Jan Utilitarianism is a theory
PHI115 ETHICS
Week 6 Discussion
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is a theory about options. For everything we think about doing, we have choices: we can do (a) or (b) or (c)…and so on. The question for a utilitarian is the following: which of our options either produces the most pleasure or reduces the most pain? Or, in short, which causes the most happiness? Now, Mill defines happiness precisely, so we must be sure we’re talking about the same thing. Mill also talks about different kinds of pleasures. Taking all of that in, what might some examples be of what a utilitarian would do in a specific situation?
(a) Question: My Aunt Agatha gets a horrible, bee hive hairdo. I dislike it. Most people will dislike it. It is ugly. Question: do I tell her what I think if she asks me? Options: (a) lie to her or (b) tell the truth (tactfully). Only you may know your Aunt, but what would a good utilitarian do?
(b) Should I give money, say, $5, to charity or buy a Venti latte from Starbucks with that money? What would a good utilitarian do?
(c) Should we have an amendment guaranteeing free speech for all citizens or should we not? What would a good utilitarian do?
We can multiply examples endlessly. These are just to get us started.
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