01 Feb enlightened

Week 8 Final exam

Question 1 The word religion literally means:

to bind.

meditate on.

worship.

rise above.

Question 2 The position that argues that we cannot know whether there is a god or not is known as:

monotheism.

polytheism.

atheism.

agnosticism.

Question 3 Who was the German theologian who argued in The Idea of the Holy that religions emerge when people experience that aspect of reality which is essentially mysterious?

William James

Carl Gustav Jung

Rudolf Otto

E.B. Tylor

Question 4 Who was the French sociologist who argued that religious behavior is relative to the society in which it is found and that a society will use a religion to reinforce its own values?

William James

Wilhelm Schmidt

Carl Gustav Jung

Emile Durkheim

Question 5 What is the name of the Austrian ethnographer and philologist who argued that all humankind once believed in a single High God and that to this simple monotheism later beliefs in lesser gods and spirits were added?

James Frazer

William James

Wilhelm Schmidt

Carl Gustav Jung

Question 6 Vedic religion was:

patriarchal and polytheistic.

matriarchal and polytheistic.

monotheistic.

monistic.

Question 7 The power of a god is often symbolized by:

lightening bolts.

rings of fire.

animals.

many arms.

Question 8 The moral law of cause and effect that determines the direction of rebirth is:

ahimsa.

karma.

shakti.

puja.

Question 9 Both Jainism and Sikhism:

practice vegetarianism.

advocate ahimsa.

are monotheistic.

view the human being as composite of spirit and matter.

Question 10 The Buddha’s first disciples were:

his wife and child.

his five former ascetic companions.

the great king Ashoka.

members of the warrior-noble class.

Question 11 Once a person reaches nirvana:

suffering continues only for this life.

samsara is attained.

rebirth is finished.

the Pure Land is entered.

Question 12 The Chinese word for “righteousness,” “benevolence,” “humanity-at-its-best” is:

Ren (jen).

Li.

Wen.

Hsiao (xiao).

Question 13 For Confucius, a person who follows the way of heaven:

lives close to nature.

is a great warrior.

lives the Golden Mean and avoids extremes.

is meek and humble.

Question 14 Which is not a Daoist value?

Simplicity

Spontaneity

Sensing movements of nature

Formal education

Question 15 The mysterious of the universe that is present and in everything is known as:

li.

Dao.

ren (jen).

wen.

Question 16 All of the following minor religions are offshoots of a major world religion except:

Baha’i.

Jainism.

Sikhism.

Taoism.

Question 17 Sikhism is charaterized by:

special clothing and religious militarism.

special clothing but not religious militarism.

religious militarism but not special clothing.

special clothing only.

Question 18 The Hebrews trace themselves to an ancestor named:

Adam.

Abraham.

Moses.

Amos.

Question 19 The first King of Israel was:

Daniel.

Moses.

David.

Saul.

Question 20 A joyful spring festival that recalls the Hebrews’ exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression is:

Yom Kippur.

Passover (Seder).

Purim.

Hanukkah.

Question 21 Jesus sometimes summed up his teachings in:

ten commandments.

one commandment.

two commandments.

five commandments.

Question 22 Good news” (Middle English); an account of the life of Jesus means:

theater.

Gospel.

apostle.

indulgence.

Question 23 Muslims believe in:

resurrection of the body.

a final judgment.

neither a resurrection of the body nor a final judgment.

both a resurrection of the body and a final judgment.

Question 24 The Sunni and Shiite branches of Islam split over a dispute about:

whether or not to have a lunar calendar.

how many wives were acceptable.

succession after Muhammad.

when the pilgrimage should be performed.

Question 25 Islam literally means “___________.”

submission

sacred

holy

enlightened

Question 26 Identify and analyze the Four Noble Truths, in particular, the Noble Eightfold Path. What ideas from Hinduism did Buddhism essentially keep? Describe them. Include enough details to support your answer.

Question 27 Explain and evaluate Thomas Aquinas’ Cosmological Argument for the existence of God: The first and plainest is the method that proceeds from the point of view of motion. It is certain and in accord with experience, that things on earth undergo change. Now, everything that is moved is moved by something; nothing, indeed, is changed, except it is changed to something which it is in potentiality. Moreover, anything moves in accordance with something actually existing; change itself, is nothing else than to bring forth something from potentiality into actuality. Now, nothing can be brought from potentiality to actual existence except through something actually existing: thus heat in action, as fire, makes fire-wood, which is hot in potentiality, to be hot actually, and through this process, changes itself. The same thing cannot at the same time be actually and potentially the same thing, but only in regard to different things. What is actually hot cannot be at the same time potentially hot, but it is possible for it at the same time to be potentially cold.

It is impossible, then, that anything should be both mover and the thing moved, in regard to the same thing and in the same way, or that it should move itself. Everything, therefore, is moved by something else. If, then, that by which it is moved, is also moved, this must be moved by something still different, and this, again, by something else. But this process cannot go on to infinity because there would not be any first mover, nor, because of this fact, anything else in motion, as the succeeding things would not move except because of what is moved by the first mover, just as a stick is not moved except through what is moved from the hand. Therefore it is necessary to go back to some first mover, which is itself moved by nothing–and this all men know as God.

Briefly explain and then evaluate this proof for the existence of God.