03 Feb capital in the United

Question 1 A person who intentionally tries to drive a wedge between two other people is termed by Georg Simmel as: a social network divider. the third that rejoices. divide and conquer. unifocal. Question 2 You have six friends over to your apartment for dinner and drinks. Three of the friends are discussing Einstein’s theory of relativity, while the other three are talking about the World Cup. According to Georg Simmel, is this a party yet? Yes, because the conversation is not unifocal. No, because Einstein’s theory of relativity is a boring topic. Yes, because everyone seems to be having a great time! No, because the conversation is not multifocal. Question 3 Mary goes out on a date with Suzanne. Viewed in sociological perspective, two persons on a date have formed a: dyad. party. triad. micro social network. Question 4 Emma is hoping to secure an internship with an engineering firm this summer. She’s talked with friends and family, but they have not been able to provide her with any helpful contacts. Emma runs into her former aerobics instructor, whom she hasn’t seen in several years, and her instructor offers to put her in contact with an engineering friend of hers. This is an example of what concept? embeddedness reference group tertius gaudens strength of weak ties Question 5 A local organization values democracy and diversity and therefore solicits input on every decision it makes and uses recruiting strategies that are likely to attract a wide variety of applicants. These beliefs and behaviors are part of the: formal organization. organizational culture. old boys’ club. organizational decline. Question 6 The flagship university in your state recently completed a new state-of-the-art student center, complete with bowling alleys, fast-food outlets, group study space, and the latest green technology. Shortly after it was finished, almost every other university in your state began clamoring for a new student center, too. How would the theory of institutional isomorphism explain this? As tuition rises, parents are increasingly vocal stakeholders. Universities operate in the same environment and therefore end up looking alike. Universities see an indirect payoff in such an investment. Their student centers were probably also out of date. Question 7 You are at a party with a very close group of friends one evening, and you spy an acquaintance (a former classmate from a sociology class) at the same party. If the acquaintance becomes friends with your group of friends, the tie between you and your former classmate is stronger because: ties to your close group of friends have changed. the party has functioned as a reference group it is now reinforced by the ties between your close group of friends. you are now much more intimate with your former classmate. Question 8 Sociologist Georg Simmel (1950) argues that “size matters” in a group primarily because the number of people in a group determines: the structure social relations will take. whether or not the group can become a social network. whether or not the group can tell a narrative about itself. what people think about others. Question 9 Janet was surprised to find out that her gynecologist, Dr. Herring, was good friends with her tennis partner, Sally. Janet had met Sally years ago in graduate school, while Dr. Herring knew Sally from church. The nature of each one’s relationship to Sally is what sociologists call a(n): in-group. coincidence. reference group. tie. Question 10 While a social network is ________, a social tie ________. how people stay in touch with each other; explains how people maintain their relationship the relationship between two people; explains how two people know each other the connections between people; is the way in which two people form bonds how two people know each other; is how two people maintain their relationship Question 11 Which of the following is true regarding the applicability of network analysis within sociological research? It can be used in macro-level studies only. It can be used in both micro-level and macro-level studies. It can be used in micro-level studies only. It has not yet been applied to either micro-level or macro-level studies. Question 12 Solomon Asch ran experiments in which subjects were presented with this image and asked about line length. Other people in the room offered wrong answers, and the subject’s responses were recorded. What did Asch conclude? mc021-1.jpg Groups exert powerful influence on an individual. The ability to perceive line length is a mix of natural ability and social influence. Groups reach correct answers more quickly than individuals. Women are more susceptible to group pressure than men. Question 13 When Peter Bearman and his colleagues analyzed the sexual habits of teenagers, they found that a person does not date the ex of the person’s ex’s boyfriend or girlfriend. This “no cycles of four” rule seems to operate: without anyone being consciously aware of it. as a result of sex education in public schools. in middle school but not in high school. only within certain ethnicities. Question 14 When your lecture class in which only the professor was speaking breaks off into ten small groups of five students each, it has switched from being ________ to being ________. a group; a network a dyad; a triad unifocal; multifocal formal; informal Question 15 If stepsiblings Rebecca and Suzanne are asked to share bedrooms or other possessions and Rebecca views such sharing as an intrusion, she may have difficulty overcoming the tendency to play the role of ________ between her parent and the new stepparent. structural hole tertius gaudens divide et impera mediator Question 16 The boards of insurance companies frequently have board members who also served on the boards of drug and medical device companies. This is referred to as: reinforcing weak ties. interlocking directorates. organizational structure. isomorphism. Question 17 In hopes of earning a few dollars on investments they no longer use or want, some people take their household items to consignment shops, while other people sell their items on eBay. Which method of selling can be argued to have more structural holes? selling via a consignment shop, because everyone (buyers, sellers, shop owners) benefits selling through a consignment shop, because buyers are prevented from negotiating with sellers selling via eBay, because structural holes increase as the number of bids increases selling via eBay, because buyers and sellers can negotiate without third-party interference Question 18 Jill attends a leadership training session at her company’s corporate offices. There are six trainers and 48 participants at the seminar. In Simmel’s theory, this would be an example of which kind of group? primary party large small Question 19 Your Introduction to Sociology class is probably which of the following types of groups identified by Charles Horton Cooley? small secondary large party Question 20 Marina is a ten-year-old girl who idolizes singers like Beyoncé and Taylor Swift. She compares herself to them and imitates them while singing in front of her bedroom mirror. These singers are known as Marina’s: primary group. in-group. out-group. reference group. Question 21 Pierre, Micaela, and Jon are friends, but Pierre and Micaela are much closer to each other than either of them is to Jon. Why do they stay friends with Jon at all? The concept of triadic closure suggests that: Pierre and Micaela will soon exclude Jon. the weaker ties to Jon are reinforced by the stronger ties between Pierre and Micaela. the three friends need to equalize their ties to one another, or the friendships will end. over time, Jon will develop stronger ties to either Pierre or Micaela. Question 22 Which categories do sociologists use to distinguish between majority groups (greater power) and minority groups (lesser power)? inclusion and exclusion groups primary and secondary groups small and large groups in-groups and out-groups Question 23 Parenting coordinators are sometimes brought in by the court to help relieve tension between divorcing parents. When a dispute arises between the parents, the parenting coordinator can step in and help moms and dads “keep the peace.” The coordinator plays the role of: mediator. divide and conquer. dyad supporter. the third that rejoices. Question 24 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is true regarding social capital in the United States today? Social capital is relatively the same as it was 30 years ago. You Answered Social capital is increasing. Correct Answer Social capital is decreasing. Social capital data are not available to sociologists. Question 25 A friendship group isn’t an example of a formal organization because: friends typically don’t have formal rules and governing structures. even if one person leaves the group, they will still go on. friends don’t tend to engage in collective activities. friends include strong ties, not weak ties. Question 26 The term “six degrees of separation” came out of research undertaken by Stanley Milgram, who wanted to test: the reach of social networks. the number of steps people take before landing in prison. how social chains operate in organizations. how strangers meet at cocktail parties. Question 27 Which of the following is true regarding the Amish community’s beliefs and practices? The Amish are staunch supporters of individualism. The Amish are not allowed to use or interact with technology. The Amish are allowed to accept financial capital from outsiders. The Amish are more likely to start successful businesses than the general public. Question 28 An interlocking directorate is: the ways in which power and authority are distributed within an organization. a set of social relations held together by ties between individuals. when members of corporate boards sit on the board of directors for multiple companies. the shared beliefs and behaviors within a social group. Question 29 What kind of group ceases to exist if even one member leaves the group? triads social actor groups dyads social networks Question 30 C. Wright Mills’s term for interlocking directorates is which of the following? patriarchy hierarchy the power elite conflict of interest

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