03 Feb genes to succeed, no matter

A Hegelian perspective shows that the ________ relationship is alive and well today in industries such as tomato picking. master–slave global–local bourgeoisie–proletariat rich–poor Question 2 College student Jerry says disease, natural disasters, and even war serve a greater purpose. His friends say his views are offensive, and Jerry replies, “But I’m a Malthusian!” Along with Thomas Malthus, Jerry believes that the benefit of problems that wipe out large number of humans is that: the decreased pressure on the food supply reduces starvation and misery. people are forced to accept the hard parts of life. the fittest humans survive and evolve. the morally superior people survive. Question 3 Roman is an activist who would like to see humans live in a state of sharing, equality, and harmony. His friend Omar says, “But if everyone shared and everyone thrived, wouldn’t there be too many people?” If Roman and Omar read Thomas Malthus, they would consider the notion that ________keeps the population in check. equality inequality capitalism communism Question 4 An entire caste in India may use language, education, or religion to shift its status in the hierarchy. Such a process is called: Sanskritization. Brahminization. caste transformation. vertical caste formation. Question 5 What group sells its labor to the bourgeoisie to receive wages? elites bourgeoisie proletariat working class Question 6 You are dependent on your professor for your grade. Your professor, in turn, is dependent on you for his or her job. Hegel would call this a(n): equality of condition. example of affirmative action. example of private property. dialectic relationship. Question 7 The game of Monopoly exemplifies equality of: business. condition. opportunity. personhood. Question 8 Which social stratification system was favored in feudal Europe and the American South before the Civil War? class system hierarchy system estate system elite–mass hierarchy Question 9 Sometimes individuals seek to assert or increase their status, not just through their occupation but also through: denouncing their American citizenship. taking public transportation. experiencing illness. living in gated communities. Question 10 The typical African American family has about ________ of the net worth of the typical white family. 35 percent 50 percent the same amount 10 percent Question 11 Indira is a corporate CEO. Max is a janitor at a strip mall. New research on inequality trends from 1990 to 2002 suggests that for every dollar someone like Max earns, someone like Indira earns about: $28. $1. $100. $18,000. Question 12 Hegel felt that the relationship between slave and master was dialectic. This meant that: the relationship could evolve into an intimate one. the slave had more power over the master than vice versa. each was dependent on the other. the relationship was short-lived. Question 13 A professor assigns a group project. In one group, Darin does nearly all the work. Martin, Aaid, and Abbey seem to shirk responsibility, assuming that because it’s a group, someone else will pull the extra weight. Viewed with a sociological lens, this is: academic stratification. the balanced principle. Malthusian inevitability. the free rider problem. Question 14 Trade of goods and services across national boundaries, as well as the mobility of businesses and labor through immigration, is called: equality of condition globalization. civilization international business. Question 15 Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that the source of all social ills was: racism. income. globalization private property. Question 16 Susan Mayer wrote What Money Can’t Buy: Family Income and Children’s Life Chances. Her findings were similar to what Marlin Card was suggesting would have helped his chances in life. Which of the following might have addressed this issue? higher-paying jobs higher welfare payments parenting classes desegregation of schools Question 17 Policy influenced by David Grusky’s work would likely: mc014-1.jpg target the underclass for character education. enhance the safety net, because perverse incentives aren’t as powerful as once feared. reduce the safety net and encourage the poor to take advantage of mainstream economic opportunities. intervene in the generational transmission of values that encourage poverty. Question 18 Marlin Card expressed insight also found in Susan Mayer’s research when he said that even more than increased income, families such as his would benefit from more: affordable health care. equity in the criminal justice system. quality time between parents and their children. transportation assistance. Question 19 Recent U.S. Census data show that some U.S. citizens have very high incomes while others do not. This data predicts that of every hundred children, ________ live(s) in a household with an income below the poverty line. two forty twenty one Question 20 U.S. Senator Thompson proposes an “incentivized IRA” bill that would encourage savings among people who do not have an employer-sponsored retirement plan. One key incentive is: creating a negative income tax so that lower-income workers get cash back each year that they can put into savings. mandating an earlier retirement age to strengthen the need to start saving earlier. making a single choice to automatically save from each paycheck rather than deciding whether or not to save when each paycheck arrives. searching for a better job, even while staying at one’s current job. Question 21 The Gini coefficient is: the U.S. poverty line. a comparison of poverty rates. a measure of economic inequality. a measure of poverty rates. Question 22 The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act was also referred to as the: War on Welfare. “end of welfare as we know it.” War on Poverty. negative income tax. Question 23 Matthew Desmond predicts that increasing ________ and the cascading challenges surrounding it will be a major problem for the poor today and in the near future. unaffordable health care eviction generational poverty incarceration Question 24 What method is usually used to measure poverty? maternal and infant health outcomes interviewing and observation statistical measures of income self-reporting Question 25 Doug has a “rags to riches” story. He grew up a poor kid in rural West Virginia and now is an officer in the U.S. Army. His children roll their eyes every time a Domino’s Pizza commercial comes on. Doug tells stories about how he played with sticks and dirt as a kid, concluding, “Tom Monaghan is right when he says, ________.” ‘Reading great literature is key to my success’ ‘Poor living was the greatest living I ever did’ ‘Some people are given the genes to succeed, no matter where they start from’ ‘Entrepreneurship is the American dream’ Question 26 One of the richest men in America, Tom Monaghan, the founder of Domino’s Pizza, thought being poor was “one of the most exciting things in the world” because: it is possible to get by on very little if you live very frugally. poor people are more willing to work at his company. it provides great motivation to work hard and get rich. he believes in Social Darwinism. Question 27 Seng is a single mother struggling to raise her family with a low income. In 2006, the Pension Protection Act was passed. This act will not help Seng, because, like 68% of working age Americans, she: doesn’t have an employer-sponsored pension or retirement plan. spends too much on cheap consumer goods. doesn’t know that the act was passed. can’t afford to contribute her part of this matching retirement plan. Question 28 The Moving to Opportunity study found that those in the group who received assistance in relocating and life-skills training in addition to housing vouchers: were no different than those in the control group. were not testable because many participants could not be found later. experienced hostility from their new neighborhoods. experienced less stress and better health. Question 29 Which of the following is one of the explanations cited for the vast disparity of wealth in the United States mentioned in your text? institutional structure the cost of the military the Civil War sexism Question 30 Gated communities are an example of which factor that interacts with wealth inequality to increase the gap between the rich and the poor? racism economic segregation real estate equality redlining

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