03 Feb Question 23 If Kate begins

Module 2 quiz Question 1 A variable that is thought to cause a change in another variable is called the: independent variable. inductive variable. spurious variable. dependent variable. Question 2 A type of longitudinal study in which the same sample of respondents is tracked over a long period of time is known as: an experiment. a panel survey. the historical method. participant observation. Question 3 Which of the following describes a research problem that sociologists have to deal with? A sociologist is part of the very subject he or she is studying. It is too difficult to test most hypotheses in sociology. The causes of social behavior are usually obvious and don’t require research. Most important topics in sociology have already been researched sufficiently. Question 4 How could you operationalize the variable “academic achievement”? send a survey to professors asking their thoughts on what good students do to learn study three hours outside of class for every hour spent in class use overall GPA as a precise measure observe student study habits before a big exam Question 5 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is an example of a negative relationship? As nicotine consumption increases, the risk for cancer increases. You Answered A diet high in fat greatly increases an individual’s risk for obesity and other chronic diseases. Correct Answer As the number of people vaccinated against measles increases, the occurrence of measles decreases. The less fat an individual consumes, the lower his or her risk of heart disease. Question 6 Norm is interested in whether pet owners are more likely than those who do not own pets to have healthier lifestyles (e.g., exercise regularly, drink moderately, and refrain from nicotine use). By comparing the numbers he gathers on both groups, Norm will most likely be using what type of research method? qualitative inductive speculative quantitative Question 7 Juanita is a graduate student studying male prisoners. She carefully considers how her gender, age, and education may affect the prisoners and their responses to her. Juanita is practicing: content analysis. comparative research. operationalization. reflexivity. Question 8 Roger Brubaker’s study analyzed notions of citizenship in both France and Germany. His method of research is known as: comparative research. content analysis. an experiment. a case study. Question 9 Sandra wants to study how students in their senior year of high school prepare for college. She starts by visiting an elite boarding school nearby. Sandra knows that to make general claims about seniors preparing for college, she will need to: be aware of her intentions, so the study will be valid and reliable. randomly select from the population she wants to generalize to. visit more schools so that her sample is representative of the group she wants to generalize to. return to the high school next year to study the new seniors. Question 10 You conduct a study of romantic love among college students. You ask one student to participate, and she says she is annoyed and offended that you asked her. You have caused her harm, but does this level of harm constitute an ethics violation? Yes, because researchers should not annoy or offend people. Yes, because in her subjectivity, this constitutes harm. No, because this harm is not physical. No, because this harm is not greater than that which people encounter in everyday life. Question 11 Because they are an accessible population, undergraduate students are sometimes used in sociological research. In relation to the concept of generalizability, this tendency could represent a potential defect in research because: college undergraduates do not have the right to refuse without suffering negative consequences. college undergraduates are not a subset of the general population. college undergraduates are not typical of the public at large. the experiences of college undergraduates do not provide a legitimate empirical resource. Question 12 Paula begins to notice that there are patterns to where people sit on the bus, and these patterns differ depending on whether the rider is male or female. Based on these observations, she generates a theory about the behaviors of men and women. This is an example of which kind of research approach? deductive inductive quantitative a case study Question 13 Positivist sociologists tend to use which of the following types of methodological approaches? scientific feminist qualitative quantitative Question 14 Which of the following is most difficult to do in social science research? say that two things change at the same time propose a relationship between two variables establish that something is the cause of something else argue that two things are related Question 15 The extent to which a researcher can claim that his or her findings are applicable to a larger population than was studied is known as: generalizability. causality. reliability. validity. Question 16 Interpretive sociologists examine meanings attached to behaviors. This most commonly leads them to use which of the following approaches to research? quantitative qualitative scientific deductive Question 17 Shamus Khan used his status and privilege to study how: mc023-1.jpg national wealth influences individual success at the Olympics. racial exclusion works at golf clubs. gender shapes prison experiences. students are trained at an elite private school. Question 18 Professor Clayton hypothesizes that travel to other countries increases students’ abilities to do well in advanced sociology classes. Which variable is the independent variable? the research methods Professor Clayton students’ abilities travel to other countries Question 19 The General Social Survey (GSS) is replicated yearly with a new sample of 2,000 respondents. This is an example of: a repeated cross-sectional survey. an experiment. a census. participant observation. Question 20 A strong study establishes validity because it is important that the researcher: generalize to a broader population. conduct research in an ethical manner. apply the research findings in a way that benefits the research population. measure what he or she intends to measure. Question 21 Charles is a sociologist studying a population of gay fathers in the United States. He interviews 200 men in his data collection. These 200 men constitute what researchers call a: participant observation. census. case study. sample. Question 22 Which of the following methods involves collecting data from written reports or other artifacts in order to discover patterns in behaviors or attitudes dating to an earlier time period? experiments historical methods audit studies panel surveys Question 23 If Kate begins her research with a theory, then forms hypotheses and makes some observations, what approach is she using? inductive deductive dependent independent Question 24 The more consistent the results given by repeated measurements, the higher the ________ of the measurement procedure. reliability validity correlation efficiency Question 25 Research subjects have a right to know that they are participating in a study and what the study consists of. This is known as: informed consent. involuntary participation. latent content. manifest content. Question 26 When one factor is said to influence another factor, it is called: correlation. mediation. causality. association. Question 27 A potential shortcoming of survey research is that surveys: cannot reflect the total population. tend to focus more on what people do than what they say. cannot be used on large populations. rely on people’s honesty and willingness to cooperate. Question 28 In social research, a hypothesis is best described as a(n): proposed relationship between two or more variables. description of why a particular social phenomenon occurs. educated guess. explanation for why two variables are correlated. Question 29 Elizabeth would like to conduct a study to determine how women define spousal abuse and the meanings they attach to their experiences. What research method will Elizabeth most likely use? inductive qualitative quantitative deductive Question 30 Which of the following might be an advantage of participant observation research? The researcher maintains objectivity by staying in the “white coat” role. It is a useful method for studying large and diverse populations. The researcher can uncover what people do rather than simply what they say they do. The researcher has considerable control over the conditions of the research.

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