05 Feb population? vitality rates

What has the IOM consistently highlighted as one solution for insuring safe and quality health care? B.S.N. program for nurses An advanced practice degree Informatics in the nursing clinical experience The use of health information technologies Question 2. What is the major factor that impacts the inflow of foreign-born or foreign-educated RN’s? availability of RN jobs availability of temporary to permanent housing availability of employment-based visas salary and benefits Question 3. All of the following are examples of medical errors except: equipment failure misinterpretation of medical orders nosocomial infections diagnostic errors Question 4. Select the best example of behavior change: teaching a patient with chronic heart failure about the early symptoms that could lead to an avoidable visit to an emergency room Helping a patient with chronic heart failure to adjust their own medications in response to symptoms that could lead to an avoidable visit to an emergency room. paying physicians to keep their offices open longer so that patients with symptoms of heart failure could be seen there instead of having to visit an emergency room. Giving patients 24 hour access to a nurse to find out if they should take more or less medicine in response to symptoms that could lead to an avoidable visit an emergency room. Question 5. Population health is best defined: Distribution of health outcomes within a population, the health determinants that influence distribution, and the policies and interventions that impact the determinants. Health of a population measured by health status indicators and influences by social, economic, and physical environments, personal health practices, individual capacity and coping skills, human biology, early childhood development and health services. Aggregate health outcome of health adjusted life expectancy of a group of individuals in an economic framework that balances the relative marginal return from the multiple determinants of health. A conceptual framework for thinking about why some populations are healthier than others, as well as the policy development, research agenda, and resource allocation that flow from it. Question 6. Which of the following is responsible for the most deaths in the United States? Breast cancer Motor vehicle accidents AIDS Medical errors Question 7. You have a client who has been smoking for more than 20 years and wants to quit. He just signed up for a smoking cessation program that begins next week. What stage of change is he most likely in? Preparation Action Question 8. What was the one rule for invitations to the TIGER summit? There had to be more informatics professionals than nursing leaders in attendance. The summit had to garner the attention of healthcare policy makers. The summit results had to be the next publication in the IOM series on transforming health. There had to be more nursing leaders than informatics professionals in attendance. Question 9. Key concepts employed in a population-based approach to health include all of the following except: Understanding the determinants of health in different populations Focusing on acute medical care for individuals Measuring health outcomes on a larger scale Improving systems of care to improve health care delivery Question 10. People in the Contemplation stage of change: Do not plan to change their behavior in the foreseeable future Changed their behavior more than 6 months ago and have been able to keep it up Changed their behavior more than 6 months ago but are thinking of giving up Plan to change their behavior in the next 6 months Question 11. Which model for the study of the social determinants of disease recognizes two opposing forces: the rights of individuals and the needs of the common good? Life Course Theory Theory of Vulnerability Course of Vulnerability Theory Infant Life Theory Question 12. Which of the following is not a factor that influences the value of outcome measures? Validity and reliability of translations Physicians’ perceptions and beliefs of patient diagnosis and treatment Background differences in interviewers or raters Instrument’s conceptual perspective and population of origin Question 13. How must the four pillars interact to improve population health? Education Management of chronic disease Patient activation All of the above Question 14. The moral tradition that the right action is one that maximizes the benefits to the greatest number of persons is called: Casuistry Deontology Utilitarianism Principalism Question 15. Which element that does not fit in the five segments of population health status: Wellness ( ) Acute illness ( ) Catastrophic illness ( ) Epidemic illness ( ) At risk ( ) Chronic illness Instructor Explanation: Question 16. Publicly funded home and community-based services for chronic illness have traditionally focused on: short-term solutions to chronic illness collaboration with medical services subsidized housing Medicare reimbursement for waiver programs Question 17. Which of the following statements is not true of allied health professionals? Allied health professionals comprise the majority of the health care workforce. Allied health professionals typically attend 4-year or post-graduate educational programs in senior colleges and universities. Allied health professionals decrease the cost of patient care. Allied health professionals represent over 85 distinct occupations. Question 18. Select the one best definition of Health Promotion: Increasing the use of activities such as dieting and exercise to reduce the future burden of disease Any media-based campaign that draws attention to healthy behaviors in the general population Enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health A focused initiative that seeks to increase an activity that has direct health benefits to society; for example, wearing seat belts. Question 19. Which of the following is the best example of a health disparity? Persons from a certain zip code consistently have longer waits in the emergency room prior to being seen by a physician Persons from a certain zip code consistently get their medications from a certain pharmacy, compared to another Persons with fair skin are noted to have a greater incidence of skin cancer Newborn children are inconsistently given immunizations against hepatitis B Question 20. Which process of change would you most likely use to help someone move from the precontemplation stage to the contemplation stage of change? Consciousness raising (becoming informed) stimulus control (manage your environment) counter conditioning (use alternatives) reinforcement management (use rewards) Question 21. Which definition best describes ethics? A set of laws that public health officials must follow. The beliefs that everyone in society must hold in order to be part of that society. A system of values that we feel are important to who we are which can guide our decision-making. A set of rules that only apply to population health research. Question 22. Which of the following form a foundation for population health? Scientific evidence Health care delivery Policies All of the above Question 23. Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention? Mammograms to detect early stage breast cancer An educational campaign that helps young adults avoid unwanted pregnancy Using an ultrasound machine at a community fair to find individuals with blocked arteries in their neck who are at risk for stroke All of the above Question 24. For which group is the population of those aged 90 and over supposed to be the highest by the year 2070? Whites Blacks Hispanics Asian/Pacific Islanders Question 25. Which of the following is one of the five categories of 30 safe practices that can work to reduce or prevent adverse events? Providing generic settings or processes of care Decreasing safe medication use Matching healthcare needs with services delivery capability Facilitating unclear communication Question 26. Behavior and prevention are important components of which pillar? Health policy Quality and safety Chronic care management Public health Question 27. Why do some interest groups struggle to be heard whiles others have greater access to policy makers? Nurses have typically dominated physicians in policy debates. The interests of community hospitals often outweigh those of the academic medical centers. Consumer advocacy groups carry more weight than the business community in regard to policies related to health insurance. Policies and programs that are most reflective of the strongest interests in the healthcare field have greatest chance of being taken under consideration. Question 28. The IOM proposes a core set of competencies for all health professions which includes all of the following except: Work in interdisciplinary teams Employ evidence-based practice Provide disease-centered care Utilize informatics Question 29. What is the name of the process that seeks to strengthen the viability and competitive position of an agency or organization? Accreditation Licensure Credentialing Certification Question 30. What comprises the largest single portion of spending in the healthcare sector? Hospital costs Cost-per-patient Ambulatory costs Pharmaceuticals Question 31. What is the name of the theory that suggests that risk factors for adults are a function of biological programming during critical periods of growth and development? Life Course Theory Theory of Vulnerability Course of Vulnerability Theory Infant Life Theory Question 32. At the federal level, which group is responsible for administering programs created by Congress? Health Resources and Services Administration Department of Health and Human Services State health department Department of Medicare Services Question 33. Which of the following is an example of Traditional Chinese medicine? (Select all that are correct.) Chiropractic Herbals Acupuncture Polarity Points Received: 3.75 of 5 Question 34. Primary prevention is: Preventive screening for early detection Decreasing complications and comorbidities Health promotion and disease prevention Avoidance of disease Question 35. Which of the following, according to the WHO, is NOT one of the factors controlled by humankind that are contributing to the threats against public health security? false sense of security with a reduction in acute infectious disease outbreaks inadequate animal husbandry and food processing practices policy changes that undermine evidence-based public health interventions adequate investment in public health Question 36. Education and advocacy is the focus of which pillar? Health policy Quality and safety Chronic care management Public health Question 37. Historically what was the dominant group shaping health policy? Physicians Nurses Patients Pharmaceutical manufacturers Question 38. Prescription drug programs may feature Drug Formularies Mail order programs Incentives to use generic drugs All of the above Question 39. Which movement is Margaret Sanger credited with? college education for nurses medical malpractice family planning none of the above Question 40. The consumer-based group that provides information on how well hospitals provide recommended care for specific conditions is: AARP Sorry Works! Coalition Hospital Compare Ralph Nader’s Raiders Question 41. Learning methods that are recommended in a population-health framework for health professions education include the use of: Service-learning Problem-based learning Interdisciplinary education All of the above Question 42. What is the purpose of the TIGER initiative? To identify action plan goals that could be accomplished by the organization To identify seven key foci within the healthcare ecosystem To identify information/ knowledge management best practices and effective technology capabilities for nurses To interweave enabling technologies transparently into nursing practice and education Question 43. Which of the following is the best measure of the health of a population? vitality rates of disease prevalence of risk factors immunization rates Question 44. Which of the following is NOT a central value to guide population health? respect for persons prevention of harm eradication of disease Social justice Question 45. What is the host important manifestation of the transformation of U.S. health care in the 20th century? defining medical care in terms of prevention and comfort centralizing care in increasingly complex institutions hospitals charging for services and opening their doors to private practitioners decentralizing care in social service institutions Question 46. Who was identified as the beneficiary of the TIGER initiative? Patients Doctors Nursing educators Nursing workforce Question 47. What is the key to expert power in an organization? how many stakeholders have such power the proximity of stakeholders with such power intensity of power as perceived by others legitimacy as perceived by others Question 48. Which pillar of population health focuses on healthcare delivery and processes? Health policy Quality and safety Chronic care management Public Health Question 49. Which of the following was not a cause of the shift in the balance of power between the government and doctors in the 1980’s? government was one of the largest payers of health services increasing cost of care rate of medical innovation and the aging of the population orientation of the healthcare system toward “cure” vs. “care” Question 50. What are the key principles from the individual perspective of the Theory of Vulnerability? dependence and autonomy interdependence and autonomy dependence and restraint independence and autonomy

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