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PHI210 Week 1 Discussion Latest 2017 December Week 1 Discussion “Critical Thinking in the Workplace” Please respond to the following: The video clip “Thinking on the Job” in the Webtext this week illustrates the importance of critical thinking, especially in work contexts. Define the concept of critical thinking in your own words. Discuss a time in either your work or personal life in which you needed to be able to use critical thinking to either solve a problem or acquire a skill. Determine the manner in which you would show a potential employer that you possess solid critical thinking skills. Give your opinion on whether or not you believe that individuals can increase their critical thinking skills. If you believe that they can, explain certain steps that individuals can take to improve this skill. PHI210 Week 2 Discussion Latest 2017 December Week 2 Discussion “Understanding Barriers to Our Own Thinking” Please respond to the following: From the www.procon.org Website, select one (1) topic of your choice and read the Pro section and the Con section on the selected topic. Next, choose three (3) reasons listed under the Pro section and three (3) reasons listed under the Con section. Based on the biases discussed in Chapter 2 and the reasons presented at the Procon.org website: State your position on the selected topic. Determine the biases you experienced as you examined the reasons for and against your position. Describe your reaction to your experience of these biases. PHI210 Week 3 Discussion Latest 2017 December Week 3 Discussion Use the internet to search an example of an enthymeme in the media (e.g., Internet, television, radio, newspapers, etc.). Next, explain the example you searched and identify the implied premise in the enthymeme example. PHI210 Week 4 Discussion Latest 2017 December Week 4 Discussion “Fallacies and Errors in Sound Reasoning” Please respond to the following: There are several types of fallacies – equivocation, false authority, ad hominem, appeal to ignorance, and bandwagon. Please provide two (2) different examples of advertising that show any of the above topics. Which of the above fallacies is used in each advertisement? Why do you think the advertisers used that fallacy in the ad? Did the advertisers use the fallacy effectively? If you were an advertiser, what would you have done differently to better use the fallacy? PHI210 Week 5 Discussion Latest 2017 December Week 5 Discussion “Identifying Misleading Information in an Argument” Please respond to the following: Consider the following argument: There are many arguments for the elimination or modification of current U. S. drug laws, but one of the most persuasive involves what negative effects drug laws are having on society in comparison with the effects of the drugs themselves. In the past ten years, most forms of drug use have dropped significantly, especially among teens. Despite this, non-violent drug offenders accounted for 21.1 percent of the federal prison population. First time drug offenders serve, on average, a sentence three months longer than kidnappers, nine months longer than burglars, and thirty-three months longer than sex abusers. In 1992, the average cost of keeping an inmate in either state or federal prison was about $20,000 per prisoner per year. The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world, with 455 prisoners per 100,000 population. It is maintaining these prisoners at great expense in an environment where they are unlikely to develop a socially constructive attitude. Perhaps it is time that we reconsider our attitudes toward those who choose to use drugs; failure to do so may cost society even more than it already has. Determine whether or not the argument uses any deceptive statistics. Give your opinion on whether or not the argument has persuaded you. Explain why or why not. Determine the primary ways in which statistics or authority are used in your current position in developing persuasive arguments, and provide examples of such use. PHI210 Week 6 Discussion Latest 2017 December Week 6 Discussion “Identifying Truth or Fiction” Please respond to the following: The video clip ‘The Baloney Detection Kit’ in the Webtext this week discusses the many ways in which an effective critical thinker assesses the claims made by others. Explain what you believe is the real difference between ‘science’ and ‘pseudoscience’. Examine the key reasons why so many people might seem to be attracted to more pseudoscience-type claims. Describe at least two (2) such claims that you have heard people make, and analyze the main reasons why such claims do or do not meet rigorous scientific methodology standards. EXTRA-CREDIT (5 POINTS) Explain at least two (2) ways in which the material discussed this week has changed your own thinking about science and pseudoscience. (Extra credit 5 points.) . PHI210 Week 7 Discussion Latest 2017 December Week 7 Discussion Problem Solving Interview Question (20 points) Consider the following: Respond to this typical interview question: Explain a specific example in which you utilized problem solving strategies to resolve a real world problem. Provide your feedback from the perspective of an interview coach to at least three (3) of your classmates. EXTRA CREDIT FOR WEEK 7 (Up to 5 Extra Points) Last week you had an extra-credit question for which you can earn at most five points that would be added to your discussion thread total. Not many of you took the opportunity to earn those extra points. You have the same opportunity this week. I will be adding the question today to the Week 7 Discussion Thread and you have until Friday November 24 of next week to respond in the discussion thread. I encourage to respond meaningfully to this extra-credit question not just because you will be earning at least one point, which can always come in handy in getting you over the boundaries of an A grade or a B grade and so on, but also because gives the opportunity to practice the skill of defining a problem in a difficult scenario which is culled from current newscasts it is not something contrived or made up. Scenario: You are the elected representative of the American people in a legislative body that is soon to take a decisive vote on a very important issue. You can belong to either political party and have any of many occupations, interests, you may have or not have a family. friends and belong or not belong to all sorts of associations. You may belong to any of several ethnic minorities or majorities and your be of either gender. Recently people that seem credible have made serious allegations that you sexually harassed them in the past and there has been an uproar in the press and people are calling for your resignation and others are saying you should not resign. You obviously have a problem. How would you define that problem. You are allowed describe the scenario in more detail specifying gender, party, interests, occupation etc. etc. as long as it helps you define the problem. Remember that in finding a definition of a problem you must 1) Decide you are committed to finding a solution; 2) Explain why such a solution is necessary: 3) state the problem as clearly as possible: 4) rephrase the problem in a new way, 5) detect any subproblems underlying the main problem. PHI210 Week 8 Discussion Latest 2017 December Week 8 Discussion The Relationship Between Language and Thinking (20 points) Consider the following quote by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, who believed that thought without language was impossible. “The limits of my language are the limits of my life.” For more information on Wittgenstein and his analysis on the importance of language, watch the video Watch Video PHILOSOPHY – Ludwig Wittgenstein User: n/a – Added: 5/8/15 Now, examine whether it is possible to think without using language. If you believe it is possible, describe the primary ways in which a person might enact so-called “languageless” thinking. If you believe it is not possible, describe what you foresee as major problems with the idea we can think without language.This is your discussion prompt for the Discussion Thread. Next, if you want to try for 5 extra credit points, go to this week’s Instructor Insight tab and watch those to videos on problem solving crows and ask yourself if they think when they are doing in solving their problems in getting their lunch? Do they need language to do that? Could they still have some system of communication we might call language whose presence is necessary for problem solving? Get into the specifics of the example in answering these question. PHI210 Week 9 Discussion Latest 2017 December Week 9 Discussion Ethics and Trust in Critical Thinking Decisions (20 points) Imagine you’re thinking about buying a new car. Before making this important decision, you’ll want to gather as much information as possible to help make the right choice. Determine the level of trust that you would place in information provided by the following sources: a salesman at the car lot, the dealer’s Website, social media (i.e. Facebook), an associate from work, and a close friend. Discuss the key factors involved in assessing the amount of trust that you put into each source. Imagine you’re in a position to persuade another person. You sincerely believe that your position is 100% right. Explain whether or not you would slant information in such a way as to make your point(s) seem more credible. Discuss the primary ethical dilemmas that this scenario could cause for both you and the person whom you are trying to persuade. PHI210 Week 10 Discussion Latest 2017 December Week 10 Discussion The Value of Critical Thinking (20 points) First – Give your opinion on whether being an effective critical thinker makes decision making easier or more challenging. Talk about concrete decisions you had to or will have to make. Justify your response. Second – Consider the following statement: “The major difference between a successful person and one that is not successful is that the successful person, over time, tends to make better decisions than the less successful person.” Discuss whether or not you believe this statement to be true. Explain the fundamental ways in which effectively applying critical thinking concepts has helped you to become more successful. PHI210 Week 11 Discussion Latest 2017 December Week 11 Discussion Reflection (20 points) Reflect on what you have learned in this class. Describe the significant ways in which you can now utilize critical thinking in your personal and professional life. Discuss at least two (2) key concepts that you believe were most impactful to you this term, and the manner in which you might use these concepts in the future.

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