06 Jul Discussion Question: Understanding the Flow of Negotiations: S

Discussion Question: Understanding the Flow of Negotiations: Stages and PhasesA.  The typical steps or flow in a negotiation can be found in the phase models of negotiation: 1.   Initiation.2.   Problem solving.3.   Resolution.Defines these three phases and give a thorough example of each.Note : The question must be answered with more than 300 words, in text citation, and minimum 2 APA references. And a reply must be given to the discussion mentioned below. The reply should be minimum 200 words and should also have 2 APA references.———————————————————————————————–Reply to this discussion post:Negotiation is the technique where individuals settle differences, it is procedure by which bargaining and understanding between the two or more parties are come up while maintaining the distance from the unnecessary arguments and disputes. Many studies and research’s shown that  avoid conflicts is always a key factor and important for the successful outcomes. Now a days negotiator job became very touch and challenging because things are changing rapidly in all the areas even awareness about the situations are almost predictable. Both the parties involved in the negotiation tries to gain the huge benefits. Hence, for negotiator it’s a difficult task to settle down all the process successfully without entertaining conflicts and unnecessary discussion. Negotiator just tries to please both the parties so that entire process will conclude in respectful ways.Initiation:Negotiation is unavoidable topic now a days, we find it everywhere in day to day life directly or indirectly. The main reason for this is awareness and prediction about the things which are changing more rapidly now a days. When both the parties tries to gain the equal profit ratio within the limited resources, the negotiator job must be more challenging and needs to apply some tactical tasks to convince the parties. Initiation is the primary step of approach in the negotiation process where negotiator plays a vital role.Lets take a small example:Customer wants to buy a Car and went to the nearest showroom. Seller either tell the original price of the car or more that actual price. Sometimes we cannot figure it out the exact price ratio, in those cases we cannot negotiate with the seller because we o not have any idea about the price tag. Then we cannot initiate a discussion, without knowing a basics we can not negotiate. If we have an idea of price fare then we can simply initiate the process.Problem solving:Now move on to the second strategy, as a individual we always have personal goals and objectives. In the process of negotiation, when both the parties did not come up with conclusion the negotiation may go longer, in this process unnecessary arguments and conflicts will arise. At any cost one thing for sure, we should not loose the patience and stay strong without arguing much and better to go with social psychological behavior and constructive talking.For example:If negotiation between the seller and customer did not conclude then automatically situation goes into conflicts state and hard to come out of the negotiation process. The major objective in this process, both the parties tries to gain the equal benefits depends on the requirements but needs to have patience until the process conclude rather that entertaining unnecessary arguments.Resolution:During negotiation process, unmanageable questions and discussions always leads to useless talks which further tends to the meaningful debate. We should always focused on the individual objectives and carry the process with respect to the personal agenda by attracting the intention of other parties by interactive bargaining strategies. Which helps both the parties feel comfortable and free from conflicts. Better to go with the interactive bargaining strategies which helps the negotiation process go smoothly indeed.Example:During the negotiation process, both the parties set up one target point and start the process with respect their individual agenda. In this stage, both the parties go with the interactive bargaining strategy which helps them to fulfil their personal goals smoothly without conflicts and arguments. Bothe seller and customers agreed at one point and exchange the viewpoints.References:Schaper, U. (2016). David Meetom: Interpreting, Power and the Risks of Intermediation in the Initial Phase of German Colonial Rule in Cameroon. Journal Of Imperial & Commonwealth History, 44(5), 752-776. doi:10.1080/03086534.2016.1229259Ulland, D., Ringnes, H. K., & Vabo, G. (2016). Tradition And Change: Negotiations OfExclusivity And Inclusivity within ‘THE COMMUNITY’, A Conservative Norwegian Christian Group. Nordic Journal Of Religion & Society, 29(1), 52-72. doi:10.18261/issn.1890-7008-2016-01-04