09 Jul Reflections of learning

Hi, my name is Barbara Obama. The topic I will be presenting its prevent been opioid misuse and overdose death. Those as my introduction slide. And I will be discussed in the practice issue, the pico question, the literature review, recommendations, conclusions, and references. So on the practice issue slide, I will discuss the area of interest of the practice issue, why the issue is important to MP’s practice and the impacts of the problem on health outcomes. On the pico question, I will be discussing the population involved with the problem, the intervention to address the problem and the comparison outcome in time. On the literature review slide, I will discuss important concepts. Research and studies are saying about the opioid crisis, crisis effect in the nation. On the recommendation slide, I will read is scarce and recommended changes from evidence-based guidelines. Key stake holders, including the fit, feasibility, and appropriateness of the recommended change. Also on the conclusion slide, I will be discussing the summary of the PowerPoint presentation. And of course I will have a reference slide. So this slide is my practice issue slide. I will be discussing the area of interest. So what do we know about opioid abuse crisis? Opioid abuse is a public health problem that affects millions of Americans. And also firm experience, opioid abuse. Or overdose is, is a condition that is encountered almost every hour, every week, or every other day at work. And many of which leads to death. Let’s see what statistics is saying about opioid overdose and death. So in 2017 alone, 47,600 death or KD from opioid overdose to yes, after that, in 201970,630, opioid overdose deaths occurred in the US. Let’s see, the impacts of COVID-19 has on opioid overdose and death. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reports that there has been 88,290 by death from September 2019, so I guess 2020 due to COVID 19. Why is the issue important? So MPs practice, this is due to easy access of opioid from healthcare providers, including primary care providers and through the emergency department, as well as from the streets. Studies have shown that prescribing opioid through the EB has significantly increased opioid addiction and death. For instance, a patient who was prescribed opioid or the ED for a minor painful condition was noted to still receive an opioid a year later. What is the impact of the problem on healthcare outcomes? It increases high healthcare costs, increases economic burden. Let’s see what studies have found. Opioid abuse crisis has significantly impact healthcare cost. Aside from the opiate overdose death, the economic cost of opioid exceed 500 billion annually. There’s also a lower worker productivity, increased mental health conditions, crime, suicide, and many other negative consequences. It’s the Center for Disease Control and Prevention further discuss that prescription misuse of opioids increased economic burden with an annual cost of 78.5 billion a year, including the cost of health care, addiction treatment, lost productivity, and of course, criminal justice involvement. The next slide talks about my pico question. My pico question reads, in adolescents and adults 18 years and older, what is the effects of opioids screening and early referral to treatment in comparison to know screening and treatments. To identify high rates individual and reduce opioid addiction. Within one month of opioid therapy use. So let’s see words our studies are saying in regards to the speaker questions, in regards to the population of a problem, studies have shown that all racial and age groups are involved in opioid abuse and overdose death. Death continued to increase among bees group as a result of drug overdose from opioids and a mixture and a mixture of opioid and other illicit substances such as alcohol, marijuana, etc. In regards to the intervention, studies have shown that increase screening every patient will enable the provider to distinguish patients that are higher rates of opioid addiction or abuse due to genetic traits, social lifestyle, history, and many other factors. In comparison. Comparing the, comparing no treatments to the innovation. Studies have shown that conducts and clinical examination alone without any screening or relying on patients, opioids seeking behaviors. It’s not an effective way to identify high risks and vulnerable patients who can misuse opioid. In the outcome. Studies have shown that proper screening, proper screening, proper okay. Screening using valid opioids assessment tools in addictions or clinical examination and urine. Drug screening have proven to discover high opioid misuse patients and reduce opioid addiction. In regards to time operate screening must be conducted in addition to the clinical assessments and examinations, preferably within the first few days of admission. The next slide talks about my literature review. Let’s see what the current literature is saying about the opioid crisis. So the first literature review say’s opioid abuse is high among individuals with mental disorders. Studies have shown that the increased risks of prescription opioid addiction is higher among people with histories of opioid and substance use disorders, mental health diagnosis, and those on psychiatric medications. The next literature review shows that providers play a role in the high opioid epidemic. Studies have shown that many hospital clinician contribute to the increase in opioid epidemic. Participants in the study shirt patient experience that most patient verbalized becoming addicted to opioids such as oxycodone when the medicine was prescribe after surgery and during multiple reveals. My next literature review slide also talks about nylons on, helps to prevent opioid overdose deaths. In a study where pharmacists were authorized to distribute naloxone rescue kits for high risk patients. The 6.4% of patients requested for naloxone rescue kits from the pharmacist instead of the physician. The steady findings proved that the pharmacist will be an effective resource to reduce life-threatening opioid overdose situations and death. The next literature review say, shows that lie channel and just contribute to opioid abuse. Studies have found that by childhood experiences, chronic health diseases, trauma, and risks factors contributing to firms use disorder. Okay, in all age groups. My next slide talks about the recommendations. Evidence-based recommendations identified our prescription drug monitoring program. What is prescription drug monitoring program? Prescription drug monitoring program is a statewide database that enables physicians and pharmacists to track the prescribing and dispensing history of a controlled substance or the patient. Also, the PDMP can help prevent misuse of prescription drugs for non-medical purposes, including overdose and death. The prescription drug monitoring program is implemented to reduce doctor shopping. What is Dr. Sharp and Dr. Sharp and is a state where patients go to multiple providers for an opioid prescription without other providers awareness of the already provided prescription. Let’s look at what the facts from Staples. So the facts reads that DO patients may obtain opioids from the streets, families, friends, etc. Physicians continue to remain the highest source of prescribing opioids, which leads to death and overdose. This is why the federal government. That set a policy so that all healthcare providers can utilize the prescription drug monitoring program before prescribing opioids and other controlled substance for patients. On my next slide talks about a key stakeholders impacted by the recommended change. This includes the federal government, the state health department, and then at a local level, includes the health care system and providers. So the federal government’s, let’s see what studies are same. So the federal governments, with the help of its department, the CDC, and the precedent commission or drug abuse for all states in the US implemented the PBM pizza combats the opioid crisis. And to provide safer prescribing and dispensing of opioids. The federal government in mattered a policy, which is the PDMP in 2003. So restricts easy access of opioids. In regards to the state health departments, currently, all states and the included a district District of Columbia accept Missouri, have implemented the PB and be. The public health departments are various states have initiated a universal registration and mandatory access and require providers to register for the P BMP before prescribing any controlled substance. Studies have shown that states with strict PB MPs have a robust redaction of opioid misuse and other negative consequences. Or in out a negative out cans. In regards to health care. In regards to the local level, healthcare providers and healthcare systems, including physicians and pharmacists, must utilize the PDMP before prescribing opioids. Despite the drawbacks and disadvantages that notehead with the PB and P. On the next slide talks about the analysis of recommendation in terms of feasibility, fits and appropriateness, fits of the program. The PDMP, it’s a good fit because states that have mandated the PDMP has seen a reduction in opioid misuse, while states that use the PDMP voluntary. How seen? Notes a little effects in the reduction of opioid abuse. The feasibility of the program, the PDMP, it’s feasible. But many providers refused to use the program because the PDMP is database is not well integrated into the electronic medical records of some practice. Also provide as argue that they were unable to use the program due to lack of Internet access. Appropriateness of the program. The PDMP is appropriate for both providers as it increases efficiency. Most physicians have argued that access to the program significantly improved patient care and reduce opiate misuse as physicians were able to track the patient’s history before prescribing opioids and other controlled substance. Additionally, studies have shown that the PDMP is helpful for law enforcement who monitor and track substance incidents in the country. In conclusion, the presentation discuss the opioid crisis as a public health problem. Why the issue is important and there’s some practice and the impacts of the problem on health outcomes. The presentation also discuss the pico question, which focused on the population mainly affected by opioid abuse and overdose death. Evidence-based interventions to address the problem. Comparison. Today, innovation, the outcome of the intervention, and the time needed to utilize the evidence-based intervention. Several literature reviews or what studies show about the problem where explode. Finally, evidence-based recommendations made by key stakeholders at federal, state, and local levels were explored.