Module 06: Critical Thinking Assignment Euro Disneyland This week you were introduced to several decision-making tools in the co

28 Feb Module 06: Critical Thinking Assignment Euro Disneyland This week you were introduced to several decision-making tools in the co

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Euro Disneyland

This week you were introduced to several decision-making tools in the course content. Using the Decision Matrix Analysis along with the Decision Matrix Analysis video, make the following decisions relative to the case study about Euro Disneyland (p. 262):

The first section of your paper should be an explanation of this process and how you decided on each of the factors in the matrix.

1. List all of the cultural challenges posed by Disney’s expansion into Europe. (Side of matrix.)

2. Next, list the variables that influenced these challenges. (Top of matrix.)

3. Decide on a score (1-5) for each of these challenges according to the relative importance of the factors. Multiply each of these scores by 2 to find the weighted scores for each option/factor combination.

Next, respond to the following questions in the rest of your :

1. Using Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions as a point of reference noted in the case, what are some of the main cultural differences between the United States and France?

2. In managing its Euro Disneyland operations, what are three mistakes that the company made? Explain your response with examples.

3. As a conclusion, reflect on your overall thoughts on this case.

should meet the following requirements:

Be 6 pages in length, which does not include the title page, abstract, or required reference page, which is never a part of the content minimum requirements.
Use APA (7th ed) style guidelines.
Support your submission with course material concepts, principles, and theories from the textbook and at least seven scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles.
Please include in the answer Appendix ( Graph or table …)

Required:

Chapters 6 & 7 in International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behavior

Chapter 6 PowerPoint slides Chapter 6 PowerPoint slides – Alternative Formats in International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behavior

“In-Depth Integrative Case Study 2.1a: Euro Disneyland” (p. 262) in International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behavior

Bucurean, M. (2018). The effects of moods and emotions on decision making process – A qualitative study. Annals of the University of Oradea: Economic Science, 28(1), 423-429.

Carataș M., Spătariu E., & Trandafir R. A. (2018). Organizational culture impact on strategic management. Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series, XVIII (2), 405-408.

Recommended:

Bacha, S., & Azouzi, M. (2019). How gender and emotions bias the credit decision-making in banking firms. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 22, 183-191.

Kangas, M., Kaptein, M., Huhtala, M., Lämsä, A., Pihlajasaari, P., & Feldt, T. (2018). Why do managers leave their organization? Investigating the role of ethical organizational culture in managerial turnover. Journal of Business Ethics, 153(3), 707-723.

Najeemdeen, I., Abidemi, B., Rahmat, F., & Bulus, B. (2018). Perceived organizational culture and perceived organizational support on work engagement. Academic Journal of Economic Studies, 4(3), 199-208.

Writing rules

· Use a standard format for responses to all questions (i.e., an introduction, middle paragraphs, headline (and conclusion).

· Make sure to include all the key points within conclusion section, which is discussed in the assignment. Your way of conclusion should be logical, flows from the body of the paper, and reviews the major points.

· I would like to see more depth for the question

· Responses must be submitted as a MS Word Document only, typed double-spaced, using a standard font (i.e. Times New Roman) and 12 point type size.

· Plagiarism All work must be free of any form of plagiarism.

· Written answers into your own words. Do not simply cut and paste your answers from the Internet and do not copy your answers from the textbook

Zainab Critical Thinking -MGT-672

Question and writing rules

Module 06: Critical Thinking Assignment

Euro Disneyland

The first section of your paper should be an explanation of this process and how you decided on each of the factors in the matrix.

1. List all of the cultural challenges posed by Disney’s expansion into Europe. (Side of matrix.)

2. Next, list the variables that influenced these challenges. (Top of matrix.)

Next, respond to the following questions in the rest of your essay:

1. Using Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions as a point of reference noted in the case, what are some of the main cultural differences between the United States and France?

2. In managing its Euro Disneyland operations, what are three mistakes that the company made? Explain your response with examples.

3. As a conclusion, reflect on your overall thoughts on this case.

Essay should meet the following requirements:

· Be 6 pages in length, which does not include the title page, abstract, or required reference page, which is never a part of the content minimum requirements.

· Use APA (7th ed) style guidelines.

· Support your submission with course material concepts, principles, and theories from the textbook and at least seven scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles.

· Please include in the answer Appendix ( Graph or table …)

Required:

Chapters 6 & 7 in International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behavior

Chapter 6 PowerPoint slides Chapter 6 PowerPoint slides – Alternative Formats in International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behavior

“In-Depth Integrative Case Study 2.1a: Euro Disneyland” (p. 262) in International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behavior

Bucurean, M. (2018). The effects of moods and emotions on decision making process – A qualitative study. Annals of the University of Oradea: Economic Science, 28(1), 423-429.

Carataș M., Spătariu E., & Trandafir R. A. (2018). Organizational culture impact on strategic management. Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series, XVIII (2), 405-408.

Recommended:

Bacha, S., & Azouzi, M. (2019). How gender and emotions bias the credit decision-making in banking firms. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 22, 183-191.

Writing rules

· Use a standard essay format for responses to all questions (i.e., an introduction, middle paragraphs, headline (and conclusion).

· I would like to see more depth for the question

· Responses must be submitted as a MS Word Document only, typed double-spaced, using a standard font (i.e. Times New Roman) and 12 point type size.

· Plagiarism All work must be free of any form of plagiarism.

· Written answers into your own words. Do not simply cut and paste your answers from the Internet and do not copy your answers from the textbook

International Management

© 2018 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 7

Cross-Cultural Communication and Negotiation

Learning Objectives

Define the term communication, examine some examples of verbal communication styles, and explain the importance of message interpretation

Analyze the common downward and upward communication flows used in international communication

Learning Objectives (continued 1)

Examine the language, perception, culture of communication and nonverbal barriers to effective international communications

Present the steps that can be taken to overcome international communication problems

Learning Objectives (continued 2)

Develop approaches to international negotiations that respond to differences in culture

Review different negotiating and bargaining behaviors that may improve negotiations and outcomes

World of International Management – Netflix's Negotiations

Faces setbacks due to negotiation and communication difficulties in:

China – Setbacks due to a long negotiation process

Russia – Setbacks because of Netflix’s lack of communication and negotiation prior to entry

Communication

Process of transferring meanings from sender to receiver

Advent of the telephone, Internet, and personal communication devices has influenced the way people communicate

Types – Verbal or nonverbal

Verbal Communication Styles – Context

Information that surrounds a communication and helps convey the message

Plays a key role in explaining many communication differences

High-context societies

Messages are often highly coded and implicit

Low-context societies

Messages are often explicit and speaker says precisely what s/he means

Table 7.1 – Major Characteristics of Verbal Styles

Indirect and Direct Styles

High-context cultures – Messages are implicit and indirect

Voice intonation, timing, facial expressions play important roles in conveying information

Low-context cultures – People often meet only to accomplish objectives

Direct and focused in their communications

Degrees of Communication Quantity

Elaborate style – Most popular in high-context cultures that have a moderate degree of uncertainty avoidance

Widely used in Arabic countries

Involves talking, detailed descriptions, and repetition

Exacting style – Focuses on precision and use of the right amount of words to convey message

Degrees of Communication Quantity (continued)

More common in low-context, low-uncertainty-avoidance cultures

Used in England, Germany, and Sweden, etc.

Succinct style

More common in high-context cultures with considerable uncertainty avoidance

People say few words and allow understatements, pauses, and silence to convey meaning

Most common in Asia

Contextual Styles

Focus on the speaker and the relationship of parties

Associated with high-power-distance, collective, and high-context cultures

Speakers choose words that indicate their status relative to the status of the others

Personal Styles

Focus on the speaker and the reduction of barriers between the parties

More popular in low-power-distance, individualistic, and low-context cultures

Speaker uses first names while addressing others

Affective Styles

Characterized by language that requires the listener to carefully note what is said and to observe how the message is presented

Meaning is conveyed nonverbally and requires the receiver to use intuitive skills to decipher the message

Common in collective, high-context cultures

Middle East, Latin America, and Asia

Instrumental Styles

Goal-oriented

Focuses on the sender who clearly lets the other party know what s/he wants the other party to know

Found in individualistic, low-context cultures

Switzerland, Denmark, and the United States

Table 7.2 – Verbal Styles Used in 10 Select Countries

Source: Anne Marie Francesco and Barry Allen Gold, International Organizational Behavior: Text, Readings, Cases, and Skills, 1st ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998). © 1998. Reproduced by permission of Barry Allen Gold.

Interpretation of Communications

Effectiveness of communication is determined by how closely the sender and receiver have the same meaning for the same message

If the meaning is different, effective communication will not take place

Downward Communication

Transmission of information from manager to subordinate

Purpose – Convey orders or information

Managers use this channel for instructions and performance feedback

Channel facilitates the flow of information to those who need it for operational purposes

Sending mixed signals is never helpful in communication

Downward Communication (continued)

Challenges posed by downward communication in an international context

Communication is direct and extends beyond business matters in European countries

Communication is less direct in Asian countries

Upward Communication

Transfer of information from subordinate to superior

Purpose – Provide feedback, ask questions, or obtain assistance from higher-level management

Upward communication is not popular outside Asian countries

Communication Barriers – Language

Knowledge of the language used at the headquarters of an MNC is essential for personnel placed in a foreign assignment

Fluency, technical knowledge, and writing skills

Misinterpretations often result from unskilled use of a language

Inadequate language training

Cultural Barriers in Language

Geographic, cultural, and institutional distance challenge international managers

Native speakers might deviate from the standard business communication practices of other cultures

Perceptual Barriers

Perception

Person’s view of reality

Advertising messages

Misunderstandings caused when words are misinterpreted by others

View of others

May be different from what one thinks

Perceptions influence how individuals see others

Nonverbal Communication

Transfer of meaning through means such as body language and use of physical space

Types

Kinesics

Proxemics

Chronemics

Chromatics

Table 7.7 – Common Forms of Nonverbal Communication

Source: Adapted from Kendra Cherry, “Types of Non-Verbal Communication,” VeryWell, December 17, 2015, –>https://www.verywell.com/types-of-nonverbal-communication-2795397 –>.

Kinesics

Study of communication through body movement and facial expression

Areas of concern – Eye contact, posture, and gestures

Oculesics: Area of communicating through the use of eye contact and gaze

Haptics: Communicating through the use of bodily contact

Proxemics

Study of the way people use physical space to convey messages

Intimate distance: Used for very confidential communications

Personal distance: Used for talking with family and close friends

Social distance: Used to handle most business transactions

Public distance: Used when calling across room or giving a talk to a group

Figure 7.2 – Personal Space Categories for Those in the U.S.

Chronemics

Way in which time is used in a culture

Types

Monochronic time schedule: Things done in linear fashion

Used in societies which consider time schedules important and time to be a controllable factor that needs to be used wisely

Chronemics (continued)

Polychronic time schedule: Several things are done at the same time

Place higher value on personal involvement than on getting things done on time

Consider personal relationships more important than time schedules

Chromatics

Use of color to communicate messages

Knowing the importance and the specifics of chromatics helps avoid embarrassing situations

Achieving Communication Effectiveness

Open feedback systems

Personal – Face-to-face, phone, or e-mail

Impersonal – Reports, budgets, or plans

Provide language training

Non-native speakers of English need to be provided training to aid them in making face-to-face conversations and telephonic conversations

Written communication is important in achieving effectiveness

Achieving Communication Effectiveness (continued)

Provide cultural training

At least one party has to understand the other’s culture

Increase flexibility and cooperation

Improves effectiveness in communication and understanding and cooperation

Negotiation

Process of bargaining with one or more parties to arrive at a solution that is acceptable to all

Follows assessing political environments

Used in creating joint ventures with local firms

Once a firm starts operating, additional areas of negotiation are included

Types of Negotiations

Distributive negotiation: Occurs when two parties with opposing goals compete over a set value

Integrative negotiation: Involves cooperation between two groups to integrate interests, create value, and invest in an agreement

Table 7.8 – Negotiating Types and Characteristics

Source: Adapted from Harvard Business Essentials: Negotiation (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2003), pp. 2–6.

Negotiation Process

Planning

Involves identifying objectives, exploring options to attain objectives, and finding areas of common ground between parties

Interpersonal relationship building

Getting to know people on the other side

Exchanging task-related information

Parties setting forth its position on critical issues

Negotiation Process (continued)

Persuasion

Success of a negotiation depends on:

Understanding each parties’ position

Identifying areas of similarity and difference

Creating new options

Working toward a solution

Agreement

Granting of concessions and hammering out of a final agreement

Understanding Cultural Differences

Counterpart’s home culture should not be identified too quickly

Western bias toward doing should be approached with caution

Tendency to formulate simple, consistent, and stable images should be counteracted

Understanding Cultural Differences (continued)

Significance of all aspects of the culture should not be assumed to be equal

Differences might exist between the norms for interactions involving outsiders and between the compatriots

Familiarity with counterpart's culture should not be overestimated

Negotiation Tactics

Location

Businesses choose a neutral site to avoid gaining advantage of a location and to finish negotiations soon due to the cost of staying at site

Time limits

Important negotiation tactic when one party is under a time constraint

Negotiation Tactics (continued)

Buyer-seller relationship

Different for certain countries

Americans believe in trading favors

Japanese believe they should get most out of a purchase

Brazilians are deceptive and self-interested

Negotiation Tactics – Five General Principles

Understand other’s position, avoid blame, stay positive, and recognize emotions

Separate the people from the problem

Gives one insight into the motivation behind why a particular position was chosen

Focus on interests over positions

Includes brainstorming and shifting thought focus about the problems

Generate a variety of options before settling on an agreement

Negotiation Tactics – Five General Principles (continued)

Emphasize the communal natur

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28 Feb Module 06: Critical Thinking Assignment Euro Disneyland This week you were introduced to several decision-making tools in the co

Question and writing rules

Module 06: Critical Thinking Assignment

Euro Disneyland

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