Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

Jim Lagrant (413) 545-0688 voice [email protected]

1

MIE 422 Statistical Quality Control Individual Case Study

Objective of case study: To encourage creative thinking when approaching unstructured problems, and critical thinking in your analysis and recommendations. Case Study Analysis It is recommended that you take the following steps.

1. Make sure to read the assignment’s instructions carefully. These ask specific questions and may include additional simplifying assumptions or clarifications. Make certain you have identified the fundamental questions and issues to be addressed.

2. Carefully read the case, which you should consider to be “self-contained,” meaning that

there is no need to get any additional outside information. Missing data is usually a signal that the case writer left it out on purpose. You may need to re-read portion of the case as you carry out your analysis.

3. You may have to make additional simplifying assumptions. You must clearly identify any

assumption you introduce and assess its viability. As a rule, you should try to limit the number of additional assumptions to avoid over-simplifying the problem. However, in some cases, you should be able to infer acceptable assumptions not stated in the case that are common sense (e.g., if a wire is defective because it is too long, it can be reworked; if it is too short, then it needs to be scrapped).

4. Consider how additional assumptions (if any) impact your findings and recommendations.

Analyzing a case involves more than just reading and assimilating the facts. Analysis requires interrelating the facts of the case, identifying the problems faced by the management, determining the causes of these problems, creating alternatives for managers, and selecting criteria for evaluation. These activities are difficult and time consuming. Most importantly, there is no single correct solution to a case. What I am looking for: A clear line of reasoning solidly supported by the case facts, as opposed to looking for a specific “solution.”

2

Case Study Individual Report Instructions Consider the discussion questions below. Submit an executive summary of your analysis (at most two pages) that considers the questions AND includes at least one original graphic. Do NOT turn in direct answers to the questions. You have been hired to evaluate Noram's policy on package weight, assess whether it should be changed and, if so, how. The following steps/questions should be considered: 1) Comment on the current implementation of control charts in the plant. Is the process in

statistical control? 2) Assess current performance by means of a capability analysis, focusing on the baby cereal

line for which data is currently at hand. 3) Evaluate changes to the current policy on package weight:

i) List the pros and cons of the proposed changes ii) If possible, provide estimates of the cost savings to the firm associated with the

proposed policy changes

4) Provide general recommendations based on the analysis 5) Give suggestions of further quality improvement analysis/studies that should be carried out. Peer Reviews The goal of peer review is to provide a clear picture of a team’s performance from the inside, out, and to create a team culture and spirit of positive reinforcement as well as constructive feedback. Please complete the peer review by the end of the semester, link can be found on Blackboard. Rubric for Student’s Case Study Report (for a total of 40 points): Exceptional Acceptable Unacceptable Executive Summary of Case

Summary provides highlights, recommendations, justifications, at least one graphic, is within the two-page limit, and is double spaced (20 points)

Summary provides either highlights or unjustified recommendations or does not include a graphic, is not within the page limit, or is not double spaced (10 points)

Summary is incomplete (0 points)

CATME Evaluation

A total of 20 points can be allotted according to how your group members evaluate your performance.

Note: It is a violation of the code of conduct to consult solutions from previous semesters or to work in groups larger than those specified. Any sources used must be cited and any direct quotation from sources should explicitly appear as a quote. Failure to cite other people’s work will result in a grade reduction or rejected submission (resulting in a zero on the assignment.

ûý õ# #

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�##4<;5/#,YH#0DQDJHPHQW#6HUYLFHV# 9HUVLRQ=#+$,#533603:048# # # # 3DW#0DUVGHQ/#SODQW#PDQDJHU#IRU#1RUDP#)RRGV#+1RUDP,#RI#7RURQWR/#2QWDULR/#ZDV# FRQVLGHULQJ#WKH#LPSDFW#RI#FKDQJLQJ#1RUDP¶V#SROLF#RQ#SDFNDJH#ZHLJKW1#3DW#NQHZ# WKLV# ZDV# D# PDWWHU# RI# RYHUDOO# FRQFHUQ# IRU# WKH# FRUSRUDWLRQ1# %HIRUH# UDLVLQJ# WKH# SRVVLELOLW#RI#D#FKDQJH# LQ#SROLF#ZLWK# WKH#FRPSDQ¶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¶V# VXFFHVV# ZDV# EDVHG# RQ# JLYLQJ# LWV# LQWHUQDWLRQDO#XQLWV#D#ODUJH#DPRXQW#RI#ORFDO#DXWRQRP1#0RUHRYHU/#IRRG#WHQGHG#WR#EH# VXEMHFW# WR# VSHFLILF# DQG# GLIIHUHQW# OHJLVODWLRQ# LQ# HDFK# FRXQWU# LQ# ZKLFK# 1RUDP# SURGXFHG#LWV#SURGXFWV1#1RUDP#)RRGV#KDG#H[LVWHG#LQ#&DQDGD#IRU#RYHU#;3#HDUV#DQG# LWV#EUDQGV#ZHUH#H[WHQVLYHO#DGYHUWLVHG1#(YHQ#WKRXJK#PDQDJHPHQW#KDG#IUHTXHQWO# EHHQ#SUHVVXUHG# WR#GR#FXVWRP#SDFNDJLQJ#RU#SURGXFH#³QR0QDPH´#SURGXFWV/# LW#KDG# VWHDGIDVWO#UHIXVHG#WR#JHW#LQYROYHG#LQ#HLWKHU1#0DQDJHPHQW#EHOLHYHG#WKDW#H[FOXVLYH# FRQFHQWUDWLRQ# RQ# WKH# SURGXFWLRQ# RI# KLJK0TXDOLW# EUDQGHG# SURGXFWV# ZDV# LQ# WKH# FRUSRUDWLRQ¶V#EHVW#LQWHUHVW1#

A u th

o ri ze

d f

o r

u se

o n ly

in t

h e c

o u rs

e M

e ch

a n ic

a l &

I n d u st

ri a l E

n g in

e e ri n g (

M IE

) 4 2 2 a

t U

n iv

e rs

ity o

f M

a ss

a ch

u se

tt s-

A m

h e rs

t ta

u g h t

b y

Ji m

L a g ra

n t

fr o m

3 /7

/2 0 2 2 t

o 5

/1 3 /2

0 2 2 .

U se

o u ts

id e t

h e se

p a ra

m e te

rs is

a c

o p yr

ig h t

vi o la

tio n .

3DJH#5# <$;5'355# # #

1RUDP#)RRGV#LQ#&DQDGD#KDG#DQ#HQYLDEOH#UHFRUG#RI#VRXQG#ILQDQFLDO#SHUIRUPDQFH1# 5HFHQWO/#KRZHYHU/#WKH#SUHVLGHQW#KDG#FDOOHG#IRU#VSHFLDO#YLJLODQFH#E#DOO#PDQDJHUV# WR# ORRN# IRU# RSSRUWXQLWLHV# WR# LQFUHDVH# UHYHQXHV# RU# UHGXFH# FRVWV1# 3DW# 0DUVGHQ# EHOLHYHG#WKH#ZHLJKW#FRQWURO#LVVXH#UHSUHVHQWHG#D#PDMRU#RSSRUWXQLW#IRU#UH0HYDOXDWLRQ# DQG#LQFUHDVHG#SHUIRUPDQFH1# # # 3ROLF#RQ#:HLJKW#&RQWURO# # 3DW¶V#FRQFHUQ#ZDV#ZLWK# WKH#FRPSDQ¶V#FXUUHQW#SROLF#RQ#ZHLJKW#FRQWURO/#ZKLFK# UHDG=# #

$W# OHDVW#<8#SHU#FHQW#RI#DOO#SDFNDJHG#QHW#ZHLJKWV#VKLSSHG#ZLOO#EH# DERYH#WKH#VWDWHG#QHW#ZHLJKW1#

# 3DW# EHOLHYHG# WKLV# SROLF# FRXOG# UHVXOW# LQ# WRR# KLJK# D# SURSRUWLRQ# RI# RYHUZHLJKW# SDFNDJHV#DW#VXEVWDQWLDO#FRVW#WR#1RUDP/#DQG#KDG#WKHUHIRUH#UHTXHVWHG#D#PHHWLQJ#ZLWK# 1RUDP¶V#SDFNDJLQJ#HQJLQHHU/#-RH#7XUQHU1#-RH#ZDV# WKH# UHFRJQL]HG#H[SHUW# LQ# WKH# FRPSDQ# RQ# VWDWLVWLFDO# TXDOLW# FRQWURO/# DQG# ILOOLQJ# DQG# ZHLJKLQJ# HTXLSPHQW1# ,Q# GLVFXVVLQJ#WKH#FXUUHQW#SROLF#ZLWK#-RH/#3DW#VDLG=# #

,#NQRZ# WKDW#1RUDP#KDV#KDG# WKLV#SROLF# IRU#PDQ#HDUV#DQG# WKDW# GXULQJ# WKLV# SHULRG# 1RUDP# KDV# QHYHU# EHHQ# FLWHG# IRU# SXWWLQJ# RXW# XQGHUZHLJKW# SURGXFWV1# $# ORW# RI# WKLQJV# KDYH# KDSSHQHG# RYHU# WKH# HDUV/# KRZHYHU1# )RU# H[DPSOH/# WRGD¶V# ZHLJKLQJ# WHFKQRORJ# LV# D# KHFN#RI#D# ORW#EHWWHU# WKDQ# LW#XVHG# WR#EH1# ,# WKLQN#ZH#FRXOG#VDYH#D# EXQGOH#LI#ZH#WRRN#D#PRUH#UHDOLVWLF#ORRN#DW#RXU#SROLF1#7KH#ODVW#WLPH#,# EURXJKW#WKLV#LVVXH#XS#DW#DQ#H[HFXWLYH#PHHWLQJ#ZDV#DERXW#43#HDUV# DJR1#$W#WKDW#WLPH/#WKH#YLFH#SUHVLGHQW#RI#PDUNHWLQJ#ZDV#FRPSOHWHO# RSSRVHG#WR#DQ#FKDQJHV1#,#FDQ#VWLOO#UHPHPEHU#KRZ#XSVHW#VKH#ZDV1# 6KH#VDLG=#

# 7KH#FRQVHTXHQFHV#RI#XQGHUZHLJKW#SURGXFW#UHDFKLQJ# WKH#SXEOLF#FRXOG#EH#GLVDVWURXV#IRU#WKLV#FRPSDQ1#:H# KDYH# D# IDQWDVWLF# UHSXWDWLRQ# WR# SURWHFW# DQG# ,# GRQ¶W# ZDQW#WR#UXQ#DQ#ULVN#WKDW#ZH#ZLOO#ORVH#VRPHWKLQJ#WKDW# WRRN#GHFDGHV#WR#EXLOG#DQG#RQ#ZKLFK#ZH#KDYH#VSHQW# WHQV# RI# PLOOLRQV# RI# DGYHUWLVLQJ# DQG# SURPRWLRQ# GROODUV1# ,I# RX¶UH# SURSRVLQJ# WKDW# ZH# VWDUW# SODLQJ# VWDWLVWLFDO# JDPHV# ZLWK# WKH# JRYHUQPHQW# DQG# WKH# FRQVXPHU/#,#GRQ¶W#ZDQW#DQ#SDUW#RI#LW1#

# 3DW#FRQWLQXHG=# #

1HYHUWKHOHVV/#HVSHFLDOO#LQ#WRGD¶V#HFRQRPLF#FOLPDWH/#ZH#ZRXOG#EH# UHPLVV#LI#ZH#GLGQ¶W#DW#OHDVW# ORRN#DW#DQ#PDMRU#RSSRUWXQLW#DW#FRVW# A

u th

o ri ze

d f

o r

u se

o n ly

in t

h e c

o u rs

e M

e ch

a n ic

a l &

I n d u st

ri a l E

n g in

e e ri n g (

M IE

) 4 2 2 a

t U

n iv

e rs

ity o

f M

a ss

a ch

u se

tt s-

A m

h e rs

t ta

u g h t

b y

Ji m

L a g ra

n t

fr o m

3 /7

/2 0 2 2 t

o 5

/1 3 /2

0 2 2 .

U se

o u ts

id e t

h e se

p a ra

m e te

rs is

a c

o p yr

ig h t

vi o la

tio n .

3DJH#6# <$;5'355# # #

UHGXFWLRQ1#%HIRUH#,#SURSRVH#DQWKLQJ# WR# WKH#H[HFXWLYH#FRPPLWWHH/# KRZHYHU/# ,# ZDQW# WR# EH# VXUH# ,¶P# RQ# VDIH# JURXQG1# ,# ZDQW# WR# EH# DEVROXWHO#VXUH/#IRU#H[DPSOH/#WKDW#,#GR#QRW#SURSRVH#DQWKLQJ#ZH¶UH# QRW#FDSDEOH#RI#GRLQJ#LQ#WKLV#SODQW1#

# -RH#7XUQHU#UHSOLHG=# #

3DW/#,#WKLQN#,#NQRZ#ZKDW#RX¶UH#VDLQJ/#EXW#LW#LV#PRUH#WKDQ#MXVW#D# PDWWHU#RI#VWDWLVWLFV#DQG# WHFKQRORJ# LQ#ILOOLQJ#DQG#ZHLJKLQJ1#)URP# WLPH#WR#WLPH/#,¶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u

th o ri ze

d f

o r

u se

o n ly

in t

h e c

o u rs

e M

e ch

a n ic

a l &

I n d u st

ri a l E

n g in

e e ri n g (

M IE

) 4 2 2 a

t U

n iv

e rs

ity o

f M

a ss

a ch

u se

tt s-

A m

h e rs

t ta

u g h t

b y

Ji m

L a g ra

n t

fr o m

3 /7

/2 0 2 2 t

o 5

/1 3 /2

0 2 2 .

U se

o u ts

id e t

h e se

p a ra

m e te

rs is

a c

o p yr

ig h t

vi o la

tio n .

3DJH#7# <$;5'355# # #

ZHLJKW# DQG# YROXPH# FORVHU# WR# VSHFLILFDWLRQV1# 2YHUZHLJKW# SDFNDJHV# UHVXOWHG# LQ# KLJKHU#PDWHULDO#FRVWV#IRU#1RUDP/#EXW#XQGHUZHLJKW#SDFNDJHV#PLJKW#UHVXOW#LQ#DGYHUVH# FRQVXPHU#UHDFWLRQV#RU#JRYHUQPHQW#FLWDWLRQ1# # )RU# PDQ# SURGXFWV/# 1RUDP# QRW# RQO# KDG# ZHLJKW# VWDQGDUGV/# EXW# DOVR# YROXPH# VWDQGDUGV1#³6HWWOLQJ´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¶V#WLPH#ZDV#VSHQW# RQ#WKH#WZR#WRS#VHDOHUV1#7KLV#RSHUDWRU#DOVR#URWDWHG#ZLWK#WKH#RWKHU#OLQH#SHUVRQQHO1#7KH# ZRUN#DUUDQJHPHQW#DOORZHG#IRU#MRE#URWDWLRQ#HDFK#KDOI#KRXU1# # # 7KH#:DLU#)LOOHU#2SHUDWLRQ# # 7KH#QHW#ZHLJKW#ILOOHU#FRQVLVWHG#RI#IRXU#VHSDUDWHORSHUDWHG#ILOOHU#KHDGV#IHG#IURP#D# IRRG#ELQ#ORFDWHG#RQ#WKH#IORRU#DERYH#WKH#ILOOHU#URRP1#7KH#FDSDFLW#RI#WKH#:DLU#ILOOHU# Au

th o ri ze

d f

o r

u se

o n ly

in t

h e c

o u rs

e M

e ch

a n ic

a l &

I n d u st

ri a l E

n g in

e e ri n g (

M IE

) 4 2 2 a

t U

n iv

e rs

ity o

f M

a ss

a ch

u se

tt s-

A m

h e rs

t ta

u g h t

b y

Ji m

L a g ra

n t

fr o m

3 /7

/2 0 2 2 t

o 5

/1 3 /2

0 2 2 .

U se

o u ts

id e t

h e se

p a ra

m e te

rs is

a c

o p yr

ig h t

vi o la

tio n .

3DJH#8# <$;5'355# # #

ZDV#SODFHG#DW#DERXW#433#FDUWRQV#RI#7870JUDP#SUH0FRRNHG#EDE#FHUHDO#SHU#PLQXWH# E# WKH# PDFKLQH¶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u

th o ri ze

d f

o r

u se

o n ly

in t

h e c

o u rs

e M

e ch

a n ic

a l &

I n d u st

ri a l E

n g in

e e ri n g (

M IE

) 4 2 2 a

t U

n iv

e rs

ity o

f M

a ss

a ch

u se

tt s-

A m

h e rs

t ta

u g h t

b y

Ji m

L a g ra

n t

fr o m

3 /7

/2 0 2 2 t

o 5

/1 3 /2

0 2 2 .

U se

o u ts

id e t

h e se

p a ra

m e te

rs is

a c

o p yr

ig h t

vi o la

tio n .

3DJH#9# <$;5'355# # #

7KH#HTXLSPHQW#LQ#WKH#EDE#FHUHDO#DUHD#ZDV#DERXW#WKUHH#HDUV#ROG#DQG#KDG#RSHUDWHG# ZHOO#VLQFH#LWV#RULJLQDO#LQVWDOODWLRQ1#:KHQ#3DW#DVNHG#-RH#ZKDW#QHZ#WHFKQRORJ#ZDV# FRPLQJ#DORQJ#RQ#WKH#KRUL]RQ/#WR#UHSODFH#LW/#-RH#UHSOLHG=# #

$V#RX#NQRZ/#3DW/#WKH#WHFKQRORJ#LQ#PHDVXULQJ#DQG#ZHLJKLQJ#DQG# SDFNLQJ#HTXLSPHQW#LV#FKDQJLQJ#DOO#WKH#WLPH1#7KH#DUH#DOZDV#WULQJ# WR# LQFUHDVH#VSHHG#DQG#DFFXUDF1#+RZHYHU/# WKH#FRVWV#DUH#JRLQJ#XS# VXEVWDQWLDOO#DV#ZHOO1#,¶P#QRW#DZDUH#RI#DQWKLQJ#DW#WKH#PRPHQW#WKDW# ZRXOG# PDNH# LW# ZRUWKZKLOH# IRU# XV# WR# SXOO# RXW# WKLV# OLQH# QRZ# DQG# VXEVWLWXWH#LW#ZLWK#VRPHWKLQJ#EHWWHU1#,W#PD#ZHOO#EH#WKDW#LQ#DQRWKHU# HDU# RU# VR/# VRPHERG# PD# KDYH# VRPH# QHZ# HTXLSPHQW# WKDW¶V# DWWUDFWLYH#HQRXJK#IRU#XV#WR#WDNH#D#JRRG#ORRN#DW1#)UDQNO/#FRPSDUHG# WR# VRPH# RI# WKH# ROGHU# HTXLSPHQW# LQ# RWKHU# SDUWV# RI# RXU# SODQW/# WKH# SHUIRUPDQFH# RI# WKHVH# WZR# OLQHV# DQG# WKLV# SDUWLFXODU# ILOOHU# LV#TXLWH# DVWRXQGLQJ1#:H# UHDOO#KDYH#QR#SUREOHP#VWDLQJ#ZLWKLQ#D#SOXV#RU# PLQXV# RQH# SHU# FHQW# UDQJH# RQ# ZHLJKW# FRQWURO# LQ# WKLV# GHSDUWPHQW/# ZKLFK/# FRQVLGHULQJ# WKH# VSHHGV# ZH¶UH# UXQQLQJ# DW/# LV# RXWVWDQGLQJ# SHUIRUPDQFH1#

# -RH#PRYHG#WR#WKH#:DLU#ILOOHU#DQG#DVNHG#WKH#RSHUDWRU#WR#VKRZ#3DW#WKH#ZHLJKW#FRQWURO# FKDUWV1#3DW#QRWHG#WKDW#WKH#HTXLSPHQW#ZDV#FRQVLVWHQWO#UXQQLQJ#ZLWKLQ#WKH#FRQWURO# OLPLWV#VSHFLILHG1#+6HH#([KLELW#5#IRU#D#WSLFDO#:DLU#ILOOHU#SORW1,##-RH#DOVR#VHOHFWHG#DW# UDQGRP#RQH#RI#WKH#VKHHWV#VXPPDUL]LQJ#WKH#SUHYLRXV#GD¶V#RSHUDWLRQV#+VHH#([KLELW# 6,1#,W#VXPPDUL]HG#ERWK#WKH#GD¶V#SHUIRUPDQFH#IRU#RQH#RI#WKH#ILOOLQJ#KHDGV/#DV#ZHOO# DV#WKH#PRQWK¶V#WR#GDWH#VWDWLVWLFV#IRU#WKH#VDPH#KHDG1#3DW#DVNHG#-RH#WR#PDNH#D#FRS#RI# WKLV#DQG#DOVR# WR#EULQJ# WKH# ODWHVW#JRYHUQPHQW#UHJXODWLRQV#RQ#ZHLJKW#FRQWURO1#7KH# JRYHUQPHQW#KDG#LVVXHG#UHJXODWLRQV#RQ#DFFHSWDEOH#WROHUDQFHV/#DQG#3DW#ZDQWHG#WR#EH# DEVROXWHO# VXUH# WKDW# WKH# KDG# WKH# ODWHVW# LQIRUPDWLRQ# DYDLODEOH# RQ# FRQVXPHU# SDFNDJHG#JRRGV1# # # /(*,6/$7,21# # -RH#UHWXUQHG#WR#3DW¶V#RIILFH#ODWHU#LQ#WKH#GD1#+H#EURXJKW#ZLWK#KLP/#QRW#RQO#D#FRS# RI# WKH#:DLU#ILOOHU#FKDUW# WKDW#3DW#KDG#UHTXHVWHG/#EXW#DOVR#FRSLHV#RI# WKH#FRQVXPHU# SDFNDJLQJ#DQG# ODEHOOLQJ#DFW#DQG#YDULRXV#DPHQGPHQWV#DQG#LQIRUPDWLRQ#EURFKXUHV# SURYLGHG#E#WKH#'HSDUWPHQW#RI#&RQVXPHU#DQG#&RUSRUDWH#$IIDLUV#RI#&DQDGD1#-RH# VDLG=# #

3DW/#,¶YH#JRQH#WKURXJK#DOO#RI#WKLV#JRYHUQPHQW#PDWHULDO1#$V#RX#FDQ# DSSUHFLDWH/# WKH# SULPDU# UHDVRQ# IRU# LWV# H[LVWHQFH# LV# WR# SURWHFW# WKH# FRQVXPHU#IURP#PLVUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ#E#WKH#PDQXIDFWXUHU#RI#FRQVXPHU# SDFNDJHG#SURGXFWV1# ,#KDYH#XQGHUOLQHG#KHUH#D# IHZ# VSHFLILF#SRLQWV# ZKLFK#GHDO#ZLWK#WKH#QHW#ZHLJKW#LVVXH#RX¶UH#WULQJ#WR#UDLVH1# # Au

th o ri ze

d f

o r

u se

o n ly

in t

h e c

o u rs

e M

e ch

a n ic

a l &

I n d u st

ri a l E

n g in

e e ri n g (

M IE

) 4 2 2 a

t U

n iv

e rs

ity o

f M

a ss

a ch

u se

tt s-

A m

h e rs

t ta

u g h t

b y

Ji m

L a g ra

n t

fr o m

3 /7

/2 0 2 2 t

o 5

/1 3 /2

0 2 2 .

U se

o u ts

id e t

h e se

p a ra

m e te

rs is

a c

o p yr

ig h t

vi o la

tio n .

3DJH#:# <$;5'355# # #

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³FDWFK#ZHLJKW#SURGXFW´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³ORW´,# WR#GHWHUPLQH#ZKHWKHU# WKH# ORW# PHHWV#WKH#UHTXLUHPHQWV#RI#WKH#$FW#DQG#WKHVH#5HJXODWLRQV#UHVSHFWLQJ# WKH# GHFODUDWLRQ# RI# QHW# TXDQWLW# DQG# ZKHUH/# LQ# KLV# RSLQLRQ/# LW# LV# LPSUDFWLFDO#RU#XQGHVLUDEOH#WR#LQVSHFW#DOO#WKH#VHSDUDWH#SUHSDFNDJHG# SURGXFWV# LQ# WKH# ORW/# KH# PD# LQVSHFW# WKH# ORW# E# VHOHFWLQJ# DQG# H[DPLQLQJ#D#VDPSOH#RI#WKH#ORW1#

# #

########################################################### 4([FHUSW# IURP# &RQVXPHU# 3DFNDJLQJ# DQG# /DEHOOLQJ# $FW/# &RQVXPHU# 3DFNDJLQJ# DQG# /DEHOOLQJ# 5HJXODWLRQV#DPHQGPHQW/#31&1#4<:807:<#7#0DUFK#4<:8/#6HH#([KLELW#7#IRU#6FKHGXOH#41#

A u th

o ri ze

d f

o r

u se

o n ly

in t

h e c

o u rs

e M

e ch

a n ic

a l &

I n d u st

ri a l E

n g in

e e ri n g (

M IE

) 4 2 2 a

t U

n iv

e rs

ity o

f M

a ss

a ch

u se

tt s-

A m

h e rs

t ta

u g h t

b y

Ji m

L a g ra

n t

fr o m

3 /7

/2 0 2 2 t

o 5

/1 3 /2

0 2 2 .

U se

o u ts

id e t

h e se

p a ra

m e te

rs is

a c

o p yr

ig h t

vi o la

tio n .

3DJH#;# <$;5'355# # #

7+(#'(&,6,21# # 3DW#WKDQNHG#-RH#IRU#KLV#ZRUN#DQG#FRQFOXGHG=# #

-RH/#ZK#GRQ¶W#ERWK#RI#XV#WKLQN#WKLV#ZKROH#VLWXDWLRQ#RXW#IRU#D#ZHHN# RU#VR#DQG# WKHQ#JHW# WRJHWKHU#RQ# LW#DJDLQ1# ,#ZDQW# WR#EH# WKRURXJKO# IDPLOLDU#ZLWK# WKLV#ZKROH#VLWXDWLRQ#EHIRUH#,# ORRN#DW#DQ#RSWLRQV#RU# SURSRVH#DQ#FKDQJHV1#,#OLNH#WKH#LGHD#RI#FRQFHQWUDWLQJ#ILUVW#DW#WKH#SUH0 FRRNHG#FHUHDO#OLQH/#EHFDXVH#LW#LV#D#VWHDG#VHOOHU#DQG#LW#LV#DQ#DUHD#ZH# DSSHDU# WR# KDYH# XQGHU# UHDVRQDEOH# FRQWURO1# ,# NQRZ# ZH# FDQ¶W# VWRS# WKHUH/#EXW#LW#LV#D#JRRG#SODFH#WR#VWDUW1# # # #

A u th

o ri ze

d f

o r

u se

o n ly

in t

h e c

o u rs

e M

e ch

a n ic

a l &

I n d u st

ri a l E

n g in

e e ri n g (

M IE

) 4 2 2 a

t U

n iv

e rs

ity o

f M

a ss

a ch

u se

tt s-

A m

h e rs

t ta

u g h t

b y

Ji m

L a g ra

n t

fr o m

3 /7

/2 0 2 2 t

o 5

/1 3 /2

0 2 2 .

U se

o u ts

id e t

h e se

p a ra

m e te

rs is

a c

o p yr

ig h t

vi o la

tio n .

3DJH#<# <$;5'355# # #

([KLELW#4# #

7+(#35(0&22.('#%$%<#&(5($/#/,1(# # #

#

A u th

o ri ze

d f

o r

u se

o n ly

in t

h e c

o u rs

e M

e ch

a n ic

a l &

I n d u st

ri a l E

n g in

e e ri n g (

M IE

) 4 2 2 a

t U

n iv

e rs

ity o

f M

a ss

a ch

u se

tt s-

A m

h e rs

t ta

u g h t

b y

Ji m

L a g ra

n t

fr o m

3 /7

/2 0 2 2 t

o 5

/1 3 /2

0 2 2 .

U se

o u ts

id e t

h e se

p a ra

m e te

rs is

a c

o p yr

ig h t

vi o la

tio n .

3DJH#43# <$;5'355# # #

([KLELW#5# #

:$,5#),//(5#3/27/#+($'#121#6# #

#

A u th

o ri ze

d f

o r

u se

o n ly

in t

h e c

o u rs

e M

e ch

a n ic

a l &

I n d u st

ri a l E

n g in

e e ri n g (

M IE

) 4 2 2 a

t U

n