Chat with us, powered by LiveChat Is your world view closer to the positivist or the constructivist paradigm? Explore the aspects of the two?paradigms that are especially consistent with your world view - Writeedu

Is your world view closer to the positivist or the constructivist paradigm? Explore the aspects of the two?paradigms that are especially consistent with your world view

 Is your world view closer to the positivist or the constructivist paradigm? Explore the aspects of the two paradigms that are especially consistent with your world view.  

Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Chapter 1

Introduction to Nursing Research
in an Evidence-Based
Practice Environment

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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Question

Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

Nursing research is systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problems.

Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Answer

False

Research is systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problems. Nursing research is systematic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession.

Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

What Is Research?

  • Systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problems

Nursing research

  • Systematic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession

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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Consumer–Producer Continuum

  • Consumers: nurses who read and evaluate research reports or summaries
  • Producers: nurses who design and undertake research studies

Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Question

Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

Producers of research design and undertake studies.

Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Answer

True

Knowledge of nursing research enhances the professional practice of both consumers of research (who read and evaluate studies) and producers of research (who design and undertake studies).

Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Contemporary Emphasis

  • Evidence-based practice projects
  • Replications
  • Research integration through systematic review
  • Multisite and interdisciplinary studies
  • Expanded dissemination efforts
  • Increased focus on health disparities

Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Sources of Evidence for Nursing Practice

  • Tradition
  • Authority
  • Clinical experience, trial and error, intuition
  • Logical reasoning (inductive and deductive)

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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

What Is a Paradigm?

A world view; a general perspective on the complexities of the real world, with certain assumptions about reality

Key paradigms for nursing research:

  • Positivist paradigm
  • Naturalistic paradigm

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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

What Is the Nature of Reality?

  • Positivist assumption: Reality exists; there is a real world driven by natural causes.
  • Naturalistic assumption: Reality is multiple and subjective, constructed by individuals.

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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Question

What occurs in the positivist paradigm?

Reality is not fixed.

Reality is fixed.

Associated with qualitative research

Subjective, narrative materials

Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Answer

B

Positivist paradigm reality is fixed and is associated with quantitative research. Constructivist paradigm reality is not fixed and is associated with qualitative research and subjective, narrative materials.

Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

How Is Knowledge Obtained?

Positivist Constructivist

Fixed design Flexible design

Discrete, specific concepts Holistic

Deductive processes Inductive processes

Control over context Context-bound

Verification of hunches Emerging interpretations

Quantitative information Qualitative information

Seeks generalizations Seeks patterns

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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Research

  • Basic: extending information for sake of knowledge
  • Applied: discovering solutions to immediate problems

Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Key Evidence-Based Practice

  • Treatment/therapy/intervention
  • Assessment and diagnosis
  • Prognosis
  • Harm and etiology
  • Meaning and process

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