08 Jul Anthropology

Formatting and Notes:

• 3-4 pages, double spaced. Below is a screenshot of the settings I expect you to use. Right click on your word document and select paragraph. Make sure that the settings match this screenshot.
• 12pt Times New Roman font
• Include page numbers on each page.
• Follow APA formatting but do not include an abstract.
• Make sure the first page is either a cover page with all of the basic information (name, course ID, date) or put this information at the top left of the first page with your paper text. The first page and bibliography pages do not count towards the page limit.
• If you include diagrams or images, these do not count towards you page limit.
• References cited within the text are in parentheses at the end of the statement with author and year (example: Jurmain et al., 2017) *note the et al. at the end means there are more than two authors. You list the first authors last name and they year.
• If you include a page number in your in-text citations, format as follows (Cook, 2000:25).
• References cited at the end in the bibliography include the full reference for everything cited within the text. Do not include references in your bibliography that are not referenced within the text.
• If you include something directly from one of the lectures, be sure to reference it as noted below.
• You will need to have 5 academic/peer reviewed sources. One of these sources can be from required in-class text (articles or textbook you were required to read). However, the other four must be additional sources. No Wikipedia or unreliable sources. Statements made from lectures are counted as additional sources and do not count towards the additional 4 sources you must provide.
• No direct quotations
• No copying and pasting from other Internet references (I Google passages in papers randomly to check).

Following (text in italics) is an example of how you should cite references within the body of the text. Notice how the author name and publication year are added in parentheses at the end of the sentence to indicate that the information in that sentence came from that author. If multiple sentences contain information from that same source, add that reference at the end of the string of sentences. Then, each reference you cited is listed in a bibliography at the end. Note that this is a short blurb for an example. Your paper must be 3-4 double spaced pages.

Settlement Patterns in the Great Basin

The Project Area is located in the western portion of the Great Basin and near the eastern slopes of the northern Sierra Nevadas. The western Great Basin and eastern Sierra Nevadas have been occupied from the time of the early Holocene dating between 11,000 and 7,000 years ago. Diffuse lithic scatters, and tools such as Great Basin Stemmed series points, scrapers, bifacial knives, and choppers, have been observed at the sites of the early Holocene and pre-Archaic age. Many of the sites, although primarily found near large lake basins, have also been located near water sources on high ground, such as streams, rivers, and marsh areas. Smaller sites left behind by smaller hunter-gatherer groups exist in the upland areas (Elston, 1982, 1986). A lack of permanent settlement evidence (permanent structures or midden deposits) suggests that the pre-Archaic people were mobile and relied on the hunting of large game, smaller game when needed, and consumed some marsh plant food (Elston, 1986). The time between the pre-Archaic and the Archaic was one of changing adaptations to the environment. A more complex settlement pattern consisting of storage structures, shelters, and sedentism during the winter was practiced, as well as new hunting strategies, using large game drives, and building brush fences and rock structures to capture animals (Elston, 1986). The Archaic period was divided into three time periods: The Early Archaic (7,000 to 4,000 B.P.), the Middle Archaic (4,000 to 1,000 B.P), and the Late Archaic (1,000 to the contact period with Euroamericans) (Elston, 1986).

Bibliography

Elston, Robert G. (1982). Good Times, Hard Times: Prehistoric Culture Change in the Western

Great Basin. Society for American Archaeology Papers 2:186-206. 

Elston, Robert G. (1986). Prehistory of the Western Area. In Great Basin, Handbook of North

American Indians, vol. 11, edited by Warren L. d Azevedo, pp. 135-148. Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, D.C.  

*Example of how to cite a textbook: 

Ember, Carol R. and Melvin Ember (2007). Cultural Anthropology, 12th edition. Pearson

Prentice Hall, Upper Sattle River, New Jersey. 

Within the text, you would cite this as (Ember and Ember, 2007).  

*Example of how to cite a peer-reviewed website (WIKIPEDIA IS NOT ALLOWED, nor is any non-peer reviewed website use only .edu or .org websites):

American Anthropological Association (AAA) (2009). Thinking about studying anthropology?

Electronic document, 

. Accessed January 3,

Within the text, you would cite this as (AAA, 2009). Note that if you go to that website, youll see 20## at the bottom of that page, so thats the date that you use in your reference. However, if you accessed it in a different year than it is copyrighted, you need to indicate such (as done so here).  

*Example of how to cite your online lecture files (within the course site): 

Johnson, Mary (2018). Lecture 1. Electronic document, ANTH B3, College, Fall

2020. Online Learning System. 

Note that for the items highlighted in yellow, you must replace them with the file you pulled the information from. The items highlighted in yellow are just placeholders so that you can see what the structure of the citation in the bibliography looks like. Within the text, you would cite this as (Swearinger, 2020).  If you have any questions about this, or other references that dont fit into one of the examples above, just ask!    

Paper 1 topics:

1. How can the biocultural perspective help anthropologists and other scientists understand human behavior and evolution? What are some ways that the biocultural perspective has been used to study either early hominins or modern humans (paleontologically, archaeologically, or forensically)? In other words, give examples of how the biocultural perspective is used to understand humans by looking at different case studies. What unique perspectives does this approach provide for understanding the expression of traits or the risk of disease?
2. Research one great archaeological find from between 2016 and 2020. Discuss the find (how was if discovered? When was if found? Who made the discovery?) and how this find will alter or improve our current understanding of human history/activity.
3. The use of modern technologies in archaeological excavations.
4. How did our ancestors survive the Ice Age?
5. Describe the socio-political organization of a particular group or in a particular area from human history.
6.