09 Jul 4 Primary Source Analysis Exercise
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General Questions
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I am ONLY asking for option ONE to be completed. Option one is listed below and the written assignment is to numerically answer questions 1-11 (NOT in essay format, to be numbered and answered). Specific directions listed in the PDF attachment. I can send images of required text if needed.
Option 1: Outbreak and Spread of the Black Death: Giovanni Villani Editors Introduction:
Patricia Worrall, “Giovanni Villanni,” in Late Medieval Age of Crisis and Renewal, 1300-1500: A Biographical Dictionary, ed. Clayton J.Drees
(Westport, Connecticutt: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, 2000), 485-487.
Primary Source:
Giovanni Villani, “Chronicle, ca. 1348,” in The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348-1350: A Brief History with Documents, ed. John Aberth, 2nd ed. (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2017), 26-27.
QUESTIONS FOR ANALYZING A PRIMARY SOURCE
1. Who is the author? What is known about the author and his, her, or their background? (Note that the modern editor or translator is not the original author of a primary source.) You are encouraged to consult the editors introductions to the primary sources, other HST460 textbook or assigned readings, the HST460 lectures and documentaries, and/or our class DQPR Forums. Conducting outside research using websites or Wikipedia is not appropriate for this assignment.
2. What is the title of the primary source? Is it original or has it been titled by posterity (later scholars, perhaps the editor of the textbook)? What it was called at the time it was first written (or is this information unknown)?
3. What is the genre (the category, type, or kind) of this primary source? Define this genre carefully. How does this genre influence the way that historians or scholars interpret this source or use it for historical evidence?
4. What was the original language of the primary source? How might the original language shape, have limited, or merely affected either medieval readership or modern interpretations (or both) of this source?
5. Where and when was this piece created? What period of time does it include or cover within the text? What was the historical context in which this primary source was produced? (What was happening at the time it was written?) What were the relevant political, cultural, religious, philosophical, economic, intellectual, legal, and/or social contexts at that place at that time? (Be as specific as possible.) How did this historical context influence or shape the way that the topic of this piece was conveyed?
6. Who was the original audience of this piece and what would the worldview(s) or perspective(s) of this audience have been? (In other words, who did the author intend or expect would read this primary source?) In what ways does this primary source reflect this worldview or make assumptions about what the audience would have understood? Explain in several sentences the embedded assumptions about the worldviews or perspectives of this intended audience, providing specific examples.
7. What can be inferred about the perspective or bias of the original author from tone and details of the primary source itself as well as known about the authors background, historical context, and the worldview embedded in the source?
8. What seems to have been the original purpose, goal, or objective of this primary source? In other words, why was it written?
9. How was this primary source organized? Think about how the original author organized or arranged the text itself. Consider: what methods, techniques, strategies, or organization did the original author use to fulfill the purpose(s) of piece?
10. Summarize the content of the primary source itself in 3 or 4 sentences. Sum up the most important details within the primary source excerpt itself.
11. Historians, of course, prefer to draw conclusions about the past by using multiple primary sources, but they also try to glean as much information as they can from each and every primary source. If this primary source were the only one available for this period, what observations about that past society could be drawn or inferred using the content and context of this primary source? What specific trends or patterns (economic, cultural, religious, medical, political, etc.) can be understand through study of this document? What evidence about the past does this primary source provide? Provide three different details or distinct examples from this source that contribute to a new or deeper understanding of some aspect of this past society.
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