Lab Manual / Principles of Computer Security CompTIA Security+ and Beyond Lab Manual, Second Edition / Nestler / 174856-3 / FM/

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Principles of Computer Security: CompTIA

Security+™ and Beyond Lab Manual Second Edition

Vincent Nestler Wm. Arthur Conklin

Gregory White Matthew Hirsch

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Lab Manual / Principles of Computer Security CompTIA Security+ and Beyond Lab Manual, Second Edition / Nestler / 174856-3 / FM/ Blind Folio iii

To my mother, for giving me that deep-seated feeling

that comes from knowing a mother’s love.

—Vincent Nestler

To Mike Meyers, forever reminding me of the power

of hands-on learning, and to Tiffany and Susan,

who made those sessions a lot more fun.

—Art Conklin

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Lab Manual / Principles of Computer Security CompTIA Security+ and Beyond Lab Manual, Second Edition / Nestler / 174856-3 / FM/ Blind Folio iv

About the Authors Vincent Nestler, M.S. Network Security, Capitol College, and M.A.T. Education, Columbia University, is a net-

work engineering consultant and technical trainer with over 20 years of experience in network administra-

tion and security. Mr. Nestler served as a Data Communications Maintenance Officer in the U.S. Marine Corps

Reserve. During his service, he designed and implemented the training for Marines assigned to the Defense

Information Systems Agency (DISA) Computer Emergency Response Team. He also served as the Assistant

Operations Officer (training) for the Joint Broadcast System, during its transition to DISA. Since 2007, Mr.

Nestler has been integral to training CyberCorps students at the National Information Assurance Training

and Education Center (NIATEC) at Idaho State University. He has developed the curriculum for 2 year, 4 year,

and graduate programs in Networking and Information Assurance. He is currently a Professor of Practice in

Information Assurance at Capitol College. Mr. Nestler’s professional certifications include the Security+,

Network +, and A+.

Wm. Arthur Conklin, Ph.D., is an assistant professor in the College of Technology and Director of the Center

for Information Security Research and Education at the University of Houston. Dr. Conklin has terminal

degrees from the Naval Postgraduate School in electrical engineering and The University of Texas at San Antonio

in business administration. Dr. Conklin’s research interests lie in the areas of software assurance and the

application of systems theory to security issues associated with critical infrastructures. His dissertation was

on the motivating factors for home users in adopting security on their own PCs. He has coauthored four books

on information security and has written and presented numerous conference and academic journal papers.

He has over ten years of teaching experience at the college level and has assisted in building two information

security programs that have been recognized by the NSA and DHS as National Centers of Academic Excellence

in Information Assurance Education. A former U.S. Navy officer, he was also previously the Technical

Director at the Center for Infrastructure Assurance and Security at The University of Texas at San Antonio.

Gregory White, Ph.D., has been involved in computer and network security since 1986. He spent 30 years on

active duty or in the Reserves with the U.S. Air Force. He obtained his Ph.D. in computer science from Texas

A&M University in 1995. His dissertation topic was in the area of computer network intrusion detection, and

he continues to conduct research in this area today. He is currently the Director for the Center for Infrastruc-

ture Assurance and Security (CIAS) and is an associate professor of computer science at The University of

Texas at San Antonio. Dr. White has written and presented numerous articles and conference papers on secu-

rity. He is also the coauthor of five textbooks on computer and network security and has written chapters for

two other security books. Dr. White continues to be active in security research. His current research initiatives

include efforts in high-speed intrusion detection, community infrastructure protection, and visualization of

community and organization security postures.

Matthew Hirsch, M.S. Network Security, Capitol College, B.A. Physics, State University of New York (SUNY)

New Paltz, has worked in the information security operations group for a large financial firm (which prefers

to remain unnamed), in data distribution for firms including Deutsche Bank and Sanwa Securities, and in

systems/network administration for Market Arts Software. Formerly an adjunct professor at Capitol College,

Katharine Gibbs School, and DeVry, Mr. Hirsch also enjoys a long-term association with Dorsai, a New York City

nonprofit ISP/hosting firm.

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Lab Manual / Principles of Computer Security CompTIA Security+ and Beyond Lab Manual, Second Edition / Nestler / 174856-3 / FM/ Blind Folio v

About the Series Editor Corey D. Schou, Ph.D., is the University Professor of Informatics and the Associate Dean of the College of

Business at Idaho State University. He has been involved in establishing computer security and information

assurance training and standards for 25 years. His research interests include information assurance, ethics,

privacy, and collaborative decision making. He was responsible for compiling and editing computer security

standards and training materials for the Committee on National Security Systems (CNSS). Throughout his

career, Dr. Schou has remained an active classroom teacher despite his research and service commitments.

He is the founding director of the Informatics Research Institute and the National Information Assurance

Training and Education Center (NIATEC) that was designated a National Center of Academic Excellence in

Information Assurance Education. In 1996, his research center was cited by the Information Systems Security

Association (ISSA) for Outstanding Contributions to the Security Profession and he was selected as the Edu-

cator of the Year by the Federal Information Systems Security Educators Association (FISSEA). In 1997, the

Masie Institute and TechLearn Consortium recognized his contributions to distance education. In 2001,

Dr. Schou was honored by the International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium [(ISC)2]

with the Tipton award for his work in professionalization of computer security and his development of the

generally accepted common body of knowledge (CBK) used in the certification of information assurance

professionals. Dr. Schou serves as the chair of the Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education

(CISSE). Under his leadership, the Colloquium creates an environment for exchange and dialogue among

leaders in government, industry, and academia concerning information security and information assurance

education. In addition, he is the editor of Information Systems Security and serves on the board of several

professional organizations.

About the Technical Editor Chris Crayton (CompTIA A+, CompTIA Network+, MCSE) is an author, editor, technical consultant, and

trainer. Mr. Crayton has worked as a computer and networking instructor at Keiser University, where he was

awarded 2001 Teacher of the Year, as network administrator for Protocol, an eCRM company, and as a com-

puter and network specialist at Eastman Kodak. Mr. Crayton has authored several print and online books on

PC repair, CompTIA A+, CompTIA Security+, and Microsoft Windows Vista. Mr. Crayton has served as techni-

cal editor on numerous professional technical titles for many of the leading publishing companies, including

CompTIA A+ All-in-One Exam Guide, and has most recently contributed to Mike Meyers CompTIA A+ Test Bank and Mike

Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ Certification Passport.

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Lab Manual / Principles of Computer Security CompTIA Security+ and Beyond Lab Manual, Second Edition / Nestler / 174856-3 / FM/

Contents at a Glance

PArt I NetWorkING BASICS: HoW Do NetWorkS Work? . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1 Workstation Network Configuration and Connectivity . . . . . 3

Chapter 2 Network Transports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Chapter 3 Network Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

PArt II VulNerABIlItIeS AND tHreAtS: HoW CAN

SySteMS Be CoMProMISeD? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Chapter 4 Penetration Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Chapter 5 Attacks Against Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Chapter 6 More Attacks: Trojan Attacks, MITM, Steganography . . . . . . . 141

PArt III PreVeNtIoN: HoW Do We PreVeNt HArM to NetWorkS? . . . 165

Chapter 7 Hardening the Host Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Chapter 8 Securing Network Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

PArt IV DeteCtIoN AND reSPoNSe: HoW Do We DeteCt

AND reSPoND to AttACkS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Chapter 9 Preparing for and Detecting Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Chapter 10 Digital Forensics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

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Lab Manual / Principles of Computer Security CompTIA Security+ and Beyond Lab Manual, Second Edition / Nestler / 174856-3 / FM/

Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi

Additional Resources for Teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx

PArt I NetWorkING BASICS: HoW Do NetWorkS Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1 Workstation Network Configuration and Connectivity . . . . . . 3 Lab 1.1: Network Workstation Client Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Lab 1.1w: Windows Client Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Lab 1.1l: Linux Client Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Lab 1.1 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Lab 1.1 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Lab 1.2: Computer Name Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Lab 1.2w: Name Resolution in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Lab 1.2 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Lab 1.2 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Lab 1.3: IPv6 Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Lab 1.3w: Windows IPv6 Basics (netsh/ping6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Lab 1.3 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Lab 1.3 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Chapter 2 Network Transports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Lab 2.1: Network Communication Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Lab 2.1w: Network Communication Analysis in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Lab 2.1 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Lab 2.1 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Lab 2.2: Port Connection Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Lab 2.2w: Windows-Based Port Connection Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Lab 2.2l: Linux-Based Port Connection Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Lab 2.2 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Lab 2.2 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

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Contentsx

Lab Manual / Principles of Computer Security CompTIA Security+ and Beyond Lab Manual, Second Edition / Nestler / 174856-3 / FM/

Chapter 3 Network Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Lab 3.1: FTP Communication (FTP-HTTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Lab 3.1w: Windows FTP Communication (FTP-HTTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Lab 3.1l: Linux FTP Communication (FTP-HTTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Lab 3.1 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Lab 3.1 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Lab 3.2: E-Mail Protocols: SMTP and POP3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Lab 3.2m: Windows E-Mail: SMTP and POP3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Lab 3.2l: Linux E-Mail: SMTP and POP3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Lab 3.2 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Lab 3.2 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

PArt II VulNerABIlItIeS AND tHreAtS: HoW CAN

SySteMS Be CoMProMISeD? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Chapter 4 Penetration Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Lab 4.1: IP Address and Port Scanning, Service Identity Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Lab 4.1w: Using Nmap in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Lab 4.1 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Lab 4.1 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Lab 4.2: GUI-Based Vulnerability Scanners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Lab 4.2m: Using a Vulnerability Scanner (OpenVAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Lab 4.2 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Lab 4.2 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Lab 4.3: Researching System Vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Lab 4.3i: Researching System Vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Lab 4.3 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Lab 4.3 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Lab 4.4: Using Metasploit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Lab 4.4l: Using the Metasploit Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Lab 4.4 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Lab 4.4 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Lab 4.5: Password Cracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Lab 4.5l: Password Cracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Lab 4.5 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Lab 4.5 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

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Chapter 5 Attacks Against Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Lab 5.1: Web SQL Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Lab 5.1li: Web SQL Injection in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Lab 5.1 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Lab 5.1 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Lab 5.2: Web Browser Exploits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Lab 5.2m: Web Browser Exploits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Lab 5.2 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Lab 5.2 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Lab 5.3: E-Mail System Exploits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Lab 5.3m: Exploiting E-Mail Vulnerabilities in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Lab 5.3 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Lab 5.3 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Chapter 6 More Attacks: Trojan Attacks, MITM, Steganography . . . . . . . . . . 141 Lab 6.1: Trojan Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Lab 6.1w: Using the Spy-net Trojan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Lab 6.1 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Lab 6.1 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Lab 6.2: Man-in-the-Middle Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Lab 6.2m: Man-in-the-Middle Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Lab 6.2 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Lab 6.2 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Lab 6.3: Steganography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Lab 6.3w: Steganography in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Lab 6.3 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Lab 6.3 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

PArt III PreVeNtIoN: HoW Do We PreVeNt HArM to NetWorkS? . . . . . 165

Chapter 7 Hardening the Host Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Lab 7.1: Hardening the Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Lab 7.1w: Hardening Windows XP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Lab 7.1 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Lab 7.1 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

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Contentsxii

Lab Manual / Principles of Computer Security CompTIA Security+ and Beyond Lab Manual, Second Edition / Nestler / 174856-3 / FM/

Lab 7.2: Using Antivirus Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Lab 7.2w: Antivirus in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Lab 7.2 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Lab 7.2 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Lab 7.3: Using Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Lab 7.3l: Configuring a Personal Firewall in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Lab 7.3 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Lab 7.3 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Chapter 8 Securing Network Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Lab 8.1: Using GPG to Encrypt and Sign E-Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Lab 8.1m: Using GPG in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Lab 8.1 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Lab 8.1 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Lab 8.2: Using Secure Shell (SSH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Lab 8.2l: Using Secure Shell in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Lab 8.2m: Using Secure Shell in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Lab 8.2 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Lab 8.2 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Lab 8.3: Using Secure Copy (SCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Lab 8.3l: Using Secure Copy in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Lab 8.3m: Using Secure Copy in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Lab 8.3 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Lab 8.3 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Lab 8.4: Using Certificates and SSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Lab 8.4l: Using Certificates and SSL in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Lab 8.4 Analysis Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Lab 8.4 Key Terms Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Lab 8.5: Using IPsec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Lab 8.5w: Using IPsec in Windows . . . . . . .