e-ISSN: 2406-8799

p-ISSN: 2087-7811

Nurse Media

Journal of Nursing

Volume 10 Number 1 Year 2020

Accredited by

Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education

(Decree No: 60/E/KPT/2016)

Editorial Office

Department of Nursing

Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH., Tembalang, Semarang 50275

Email: [email protected]

Website: http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers

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Copyright © 2020, NMJN, p-ISSN 2087-7811, e-ISSN 2406-8799

Editor-in-Chief

Sri Padma Sari

Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Editorial Board

▪ Andrew Cashin Southern Cross University, Australia

▪ Rozzano C. Locsin Department of Nursing, Tokushima University, Japan

▪ Yati Afiyanti Faculty of Nursing, University of Indonesia, Indonesia

▪ Sri Warsini School of Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

▪ Jennieffer A Barr School of Nursing and Midwifery, Central Queensland University, Australia

▪ Maarten M Kaaijk School of Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Netherlands

▪ Ferry Efendi Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

▪ Mardiyono Mardiyono Department of Nursing, Health Polytechnics of Semarang, Indonesia

▪ Faustino Jerome Gulle Babate Beta Nu Delta Nursing Society, Philippines

▪ Tantut Susanto School of Nursing, University of Jember, Indonesia

▪ Cyruz P. Tuppal St. Paul University Philippines System, Philippines

Associate Editors

▪ Meira Erawati Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

▪ Nana Rochana Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

▪ Meidiana Dwidiyanti Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Managing/Technical Editors

▪ Asih Nurakhir Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

▪ Pradipta Ary Pamungkas Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

▪ Septi Harni Wahyuningtyas Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

EDITORIAL TEAM

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Copyright © 2020, NMJN, p-ISSN 2087-7811, e-ISSN 2406-8799

The Nurse Media Journal of Nursing (NMJN) is an international nursing journal which

publishes scientific works for nurses, academics and practitioners. NMJN welcomes and

invites original and relevant research articles in nursing as well as literature reviews and

case reports particularly in nursing.

This journal encompasses original research articles, review articles, and case studies,

including:

▪ Adult nursing ▪ Emergency nursing ▪ Gerontological nursing ▪ Community nursing ▪ Mental health nursing ▪ Pediatric nursing ▪ Maternity nursing ▪ Nursing leadership and management ▪ Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in nursing ▪ Education in nursing

The Nurse Media Journal of Nursing (NMJN) is published three time a year, every April,

August and December.

For year 2020, 3 issues (Volume 10, Number 1 (April), Number 2 (August), and Number

3 (December) are scheduled for publication.

The NMJN is published by the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro

University and available at http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers.

Articles of the Nurse Media Journal of Nursing have so far been cited in:

Google Scholar h-index / i10-index : 14/20

Total articles published in Google Scholar : 124 (since 2012)

Total citations in Google Scholar : 632 (since 2012)

Total articles indexed in GARUDA : 135 (since 2011)

Total articles indexed in DOAJ : 152 (since 2015)

SINTA h-index / i10-index : 14/12 (since 2017)

Total Citations in SINTA : 632 (since 2017)

AIMS AND SCOPE

PUBLICATION INFORMATION

JOURNAL CITATION

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The Nurse Media Journal of Nursing has been covered (indexed and abstracted) by the

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INDEXING AND ABSTRACTING

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Editorial Team ………………………………………………………………………………………….i

Aims and Scope, Publication Information, Journal Citation ……………………………ii

Indexing and Abstracting …………………………………………………………………………..iii

Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………………………..iv

Preface, NMJN Vol. 10 No. 1 Year 2020 …………………………………………………….v-vii

Mental Distress in Rural Areas of Indonesia

(Azam David Saifullah, Nur Latifah, Eria Riski Artanti, Kadek Dewi

Cahyani, Umi Rahayu, Lalitya Paramarta, Rahma Mahdia Izzati, Robert

Priharjo, Sri Warsini) ………………………………………………………………………………. 1-10

The Application of Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Family

Psychoeducation (FPE) to Clients with Scizophrenia and Aggressive Behavior

(Andi Buanasari, Budi Anna Keliat, Herni Susanti) ……………………………………… 11-21

The Lived Experiences of the Lombok Earthquake Survivors

(Ahmad Mumtaz Tauba, Suryani Suryani, Imas Rafiyah) ………………………………. 22-35

Determinants of Stunting in Children Aged 12-59 Months

(Erna Julianti, Elni Elni) …………………………………………………………………………… 36-45

English Language Proficiency and Its Relationship with Academic

Performance and the Nurse Licensure Examination

(Ryan Michael Flores Oducado, Marianne Sotelo, Liza Marie Ramirez,

Maylin Habaña, Rosana Grace Belo-Delariarte) …………………………………………. 46-56

The Experiences of Mothers with Intrauterine Fetal Death/Demise (IUFD)

in Indonesia

(Alma Dormian Sinaga, Justina Purwarini, Lina Dewi Anggraeni) ……………….. 57-65

A Comparison of Patient Safety Competencies between Clinical and

Classroom Settings among Nursing Students

(Rizqi Amilia, Devi Nurmalia) ………………………………………………………………….. 66-75

Casey-Fink Graduate Experience Survey for Nurses and Preceptors in

the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

(Omar Ghazi Baker, Musaad Salem Alghamdi) …………………………………………… 76-85

Deep Breathing Exercise and Active Range of Motion Influence Physiological

Response of Congestive Heart Failure Patients

(Novita Nirmalasari, Mardiyono Mardiyono, Edi Dharmana, Thohar Arifin) … 86-95

Family’s Experience: Nursing Care for Colorectal Cancer Patients with Colostomy

(Untung Sujianto, Roland Billy, Ani Margawati) …………………………………………. 96-106

Author Guidelines ……………………………………………………………………………………App.1-4

Copyright Transfer Agreement ……………………………………………………………………App.5

Copyright Transfer Agreement Form …………………………………………………………..App.6

Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement ………………………………………………App.7-10

Submission Information …………………………………………………………………………….App.11

Acknowledgment ……………………………………………………………………………………..App.12

Author Indexing ………………………………………………………………………………………..App.13

Keyword Indexing …………………………………………………………………………………….App.14

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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The Nurse Media Journal of Nursing (e-ISSN: 2406-8799, p-ISSN: 2087-7811) is an open

access international journal that publishes the scientific works for nurse practitioners and

researchers. The journal is published by the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine,

Diponegoro University and strives to provide the most current and best research in the

field of nursing. The journal has been indexed in the Google Scholar, Portal

Garuda/Indonesian Publication Index (IPI), Indonesian Scientific Journal Database

(ISJD), Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), and Science and Technology Index

(Sinta).

It is also with pleasure to inform you that the Nurse Media Journal of Nursing (NMJN)

has been accepted to be included in the Scopus Database. Upon this achievement, the

NMJN would like to thank all people (the NMJN editorial team, reviewers, authors) who

have given their support and contribution to achieving this success. Starting from 2020,

NMJN will publish three issues a year (April, August and December).

This issue (NJMN, Vol 10(1), 2020) has published ten articles, consisting of nine research

articles and one case study. This issue was authored and co-authored by the researchers

and professionals from diverse countries, including Indonesia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia,

and the United Kingdom. All papers have been doubled-blindly reviewed by the editors

and reviewers of this journal.

Saifullah et al. (2020) conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study to identify the

population’s status and related factors of mental distress in rural areas in Indonesia among

872 residents. The prevalence of mental distress was 6%, which was lower than that of

the national level. The correlated factors of mental distress were age, gender, occupation,

housing dimension, and illness status. Therefore, future mental health programs may be

focused on improving mental health on the elderly, male, vulnerable workers,

overcrowded housing, and people with a chronic illness.

Buanasari, Keliat, and Susanti (2020) investigated the effectiveness of acceptance and

commitment therapy (ACT) and family psychoeducation (FPE). This study used the Stuart

Stress-Adaptation Model to conduct a case study of four clients with schizophrenia and

aggressive behaviour for six weeks. After the intervention, the clients showed to have

better symptoms of aggressive behavior in cognitive, affective, physiological, behavioral,

and social aspects and increased ability to control anger, to accept their problems, and to

commit to the therapy. Hence, ACT and FPE could be implemented to decrease the

symptoms of aggressive behavior and increase the ability to control anger on clients with

schizophrenia.

Tauba, Suryani, and Rafiyah (2020) conducted a qualitative study on exploring and

gaining deeper meaning from the lived experiences of the Lombok earthquake survivors.

Six themes have emerged on this study, including problems solving skills when disaster

strikes, surviving from the limitations and difficulties, feeling accustomed to an

earthquake, the family is a key source of strength to continue life, getting closer to God

by doing religious prayers and actions to have peace of mind, and learning from the

disasters to become a better human being.

PREFACE

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Julianti and Elni (2020) examined the determinant factors of stunting in children aged 12-

59 months. A total of 205 respondents were recruited using a consecutive sampling

technique. This study showed that there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding

history, the history of infection, and the eating habits of children with stunting. This study

suggested that the peer group community could prevent and overcome stunting and

improve the nutritional status and optimal development of the children.

Oducado, Sotelo, Ramirez, Habaña, and Belo-Delariarte (2020) employed a retrospective

descriptive correlational study that aimed to examine the influence of English language

proficiency on the academic performance of 141 nursing students in professional nursing

courses and the Nurse Licensure Examination(NLE). Findings showed that there were

significant correlations between academic performance and the Verbal Ability subscale

of the Nursing Aptitude Test and the three English courses included in the nursing

curriculum. Nursing schools should ensure that approaches in improving students’ English

language proficiency must be well integrated into the undergraduate nursing program.

Amilia and Nurmalia (2020) investigated differences in patient safety competencies

between the classroom and clinical settings among 181 nursing students in Indonesia.

Nursing students showed a higher patient safety competencies in the classroom setting

than in the clinical setting. This study recommended a further investigation on the factors

that increase the achievement of patient safety competence among nursing students in the

clinical setting.

Baker and Alghamdi (2020) conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationship

between nurses’ experiences using Casey-Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Survey and

the number of preceptors in Saudi hospitals. No statistically significant relationship was

found between those variables. This study found that 33.8% of nurses had stress, whereas

significant causes of stress were student loans, personal relationships, living situations,

and finances.

Sinaga, Purwarini, and Anggraeni (2020) employed a descriptive qualitative study to

explore the experiences of mothers with Intrauterine Fetal Death/Demise (IUFD) in

Indonesia. The results showed four major themes, including the mothers’ response to a

loss such as painful and traumatic experience; moral support received by mother; negative

behavior from others such as stigma and lack of support; and physical and psychological

changes that interfere with the role as wife and mother. The health professional must

integrate therapeutic communication and support for mothers with IUFD.

Furthermore, Sujianto, Billy, and Margawati (2020) conducted descriptive

phenomenology to explore the experiences of ten famililes of colorectal cancer patients

toward colostomy nursing care. Three themes emerged in this study, including positive

and negative behavior in nursing care, living with a colostomy, and expectations for

nursing care. The study showed that the colostomy nursing care still needs to be improved.

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Finally, the NJMN would like to thank the respectful authors, reviewers, and editors for

their contribution and collaboration in publishing this current issue. Furthermore, the

editors would like to appreciate and call for academic papers from the nurse-practitioners,

academicians, professionals, graduates and undergraduate students, fellows, and

associates pursuing research throughout the world to contribute to this international

journal.

Semarang, April 2020

Sri Padma Sari

Editor-in-Chief

The Nurse Media Journal of Nursing

Copyright © 2020, NMJN, p-ISSN 2087-7811, e-ISSN 2406-8799

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DOI: 10.14710/nmjn.v10i1.23244

Mental Distress in Rural Areas of Indonesia

Azam David Saifullah1, Nur Latifah2, Eria Riski Artanti3, Kadek Dewi Cahyani4, Umi Rahayu4, Lalitya Paramarta4, Rahma Mahdia Izzati4, Robert Priharjo5, Sri Warsini1

1Mental Health and Community Department, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and

Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia 2Puskesmas Jetis II Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

3dr. Sardjito Central Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 4 School of nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing,

Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

5 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculy of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care,

Anglia Ruskin University, United Kingdom

Corresponding Author: Azam David Saifullah ([email protected])

Received: 25 May 2019 Revised: 25 October 2019 Accepted: 28 October 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: There is a higher prevalence of mental distress in rural areas compared to

urban areas in Indonesia. The rural areas of Indonesia have various socio-demographic

and sophisticated cultural characteristics, but less exposed to foreign cultures. Thus, the

study about the prevalence, associated factors, and predictors of mental distress in rural

areas is necessary.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the population's status and related factors of

mental distress in rural areas in Indonesia.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to achieve the aims of the

study. An Indonesian version of the Self-Rated Questionnaire, consisting of 20 items,

was used to measure mental distress status of population in rural areas in Yogyakarta,

Indonesia. A number of 872 records were included and analyzed using both univariate

and bivariate analyses in this study.

Results: The prevalence of mental distress in this population was 6%. The correlated

factors of mental distress were age (χ2=6.93, p=0.01), gender (χ2=0.07, p=0.03),

occupation (χ2=0.26, p=0.02), housing dimension (χ2=5.45, p=0.02), and illness status

(χ2=0.01, p<0.01).

Conclusion: The prevalence of mental distress in rural areas of Indonesia is relatively

lower than that of the national level. Future mental health programs may be focused on

improving mental health on the elderly, male, vulnerable workers, overcrowded

housing, and people who got a chronic illness.

Keywords: Community based screening; mental distress; mental health; rural area

How to cite: Saifullah, A. D, Latifah, N., Artanti, E. R., Cahyani, K. D., Rahayu, U., Paramarta, L., … & Warsini, S. (2020). Mental distress in rural area of Indonesia. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 10(1), 1-10. doi:10.14710/nmjn.v10i1.23244 Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v10i1.23244

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 10(1), 2020, 2

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BACKGROUND

Mental health is one of the psychological components in the biopsychosocial model that

arranges health during the human life span (Lehman, David, & Gruber, 2017). Mental

distress is one of the mental disorders characterized by an emotional change that can

develop into a pathological condition (Idaiani, 2010; Idaiani, Kusumawardani,

Mubasyiroh, Nainggolan, & Nurchotimah, 2017). An overlook on stress management

may develop severe mental illness on many people with chronic diseases and mild

distress (DE Hert et al., 2011).

In Indonesia, the rural population has a higher prevalence of mental distress (10%)

compared to urban areas. A rural population also tend to have these sociodemographic

characteristics such as a rather high proportion of people aged over 75 years old

(15.8%), females (12.1%), less educated (13.9%), and unemployed (13.0%) (Ministry of

Health of Republic Indonesia, 2018). A study in low-middle income countries showed

that gender (female), employment status (employed and self-employed), daily alcohol,

and abuse were found to be the correlated factors of developing mental distress (Abbay,

Mulatu, & Azadi, 2018). In rural India, women’s work demand (high amount of

housework, including cleaning and collecting water) is also associated with mental

distress (Richardson, Nandi, Jaswal, & Harper, 2017). Furthermore, mental distress is

also associated with a history of diseases. The risk of mental distress is in line with the

number of chronic illnesses. Subsequently, respondents with hepatitis and stroke were

the most experienced mental distress (Widakdo & Besral, 2013).

The Indonesian government’s recent effort to promote mental health is by the Mental

Health Awareness Village program (Desa Siaga Sehat Jiwa [DSSJ]) that is initiated by

the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (Ministry of Health of Republic

Indonesia, 2018). One of the DSSJ programs is mental distress screening using the self-

rated questionnaire (SRQ-20). This program has been implemented both in urban and

rural areas to get the prevalence of mental distress data. However, Indonesian people

have various social-demographic, sophisticated cultural characteristics in dealing with

the problem, and less exposed to foreign cultures. Therefore, a study about the

prevalence and factors of mental distress in rural areas is needed, so that an appropriate

prevention and promotion program can be effectively developed in the future

PURPOSE

This study was conducted to identify the population’s status and factors of mental

distress among the population in rural areas in Indonesia.

METHODS

Design and samples

This study used a descriptive cross-sectional research design. It was conducted from

February to July 2018 in rural areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Three of five villages

were chosen purposively by its population. These villages included Kralas, Sraten, and

Suren Wetan, with an estimation of the total population that met the inclusion criteria,

were 1500 residents. The inclusion criteria were people age over 15 years old and

literate.

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Research instrument and data collection

Two questionnaires were used in this study, including the SRQ-20 (Indonesian version)

and the socio-demographic questionnaire. The SRQ-20 was developed by WHO and

modified into the Indonesian version by the Ministry of Health of Indonesia to measure

mental distress. This questionnaire consists of 20 items question with Guttman scale

(Yes/No), and a total score equal to or more than 6 represent cases. The sensitivity of

SRQ-20 in the English version is 83% and 80% for specificity (Harding 1989). The

sociodemographic questionnaire consisted of age, sex, occupation, religion, family

history of physical disability or diagnosed with a severe mental disorder, monthly

income, and housing dimension.

Training in administering the set of questionnaires was given by the research team to the

youth cadres in the three villages. This was also part of the study to enable the

population to perform screening by themselves. The data collection was conducted by

trained Posbindu cadres. Within four weeks, the cadres did the data collection using a

set of questionnaires, including informed consent. In order to ensure a high response

rate and solve any data collection challenges during the period, there was an evaluation

process every two weeks.

Data analysis

There were 1500 distributed questionnaires, and the response rate of the questionnaire

was 1225 of 1345 (89.7%), with 872 data included in the analysis. Data obtained were

inputted, cleaned, and statistically analyzed in SPSS. A descriptive analysis was used to

identify demographic data and mental distress status. Meanwhile, the bivariate analysis

was used to identify the factors of mental distress in rural Indonesia. The Chi-square test

and logistic regression were used depending on the data type of the variables.

Ethical consideration

The ethical approval of this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee, Faculty of

Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

RESULTS

The response rate of this study was 89.7%; despite the incomplete data, 71.2% of the

returned questionnaire was able to be analyzed. The mean age of respondents was 39.96

years old (SD=16.48), and there were more females (50.5%). Most of the respondents

work as non-civil servants, while the average monthly income was IDR 1,426,632

(SD=IDR 709,112). The average housing dimension was 83.74 m2, with three to four

people on average living in the same house. Most of the respondents reported being in a

healthy condition (87.5%). In addition, there were 71 respondents with family members

suffering from severe mental health illness (Table 1).

Table 1. Distribution of the demographic data of respondents (n=872)

Variable(s) f % Mean (SD) Min-Max

Age 39.96 (16.48) 15-92 Gender

Male 570 46.5

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Variable(s) f % Mean (SD) Min-Max

Female 619 50.5

Occupation

Civil servant 39 4.5 non-c