Questions for Content Review

1- Which are the concepts of?

Atrophy

           Physiologic atrophy

           Hypertrophy

              Hyperplasia

              Pathologic hyperplasia

           Dysplasia

              Metaplasia

2- What are the main four mechanism of Cell Injury?

3- Cell injury: reversible vs irreversible, differences between each…

4- Cell Death: concepts of necrosis and apoptosis.

5- Function of this cell organelles:

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

6- Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia, causes and symptoms.

7- Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia, causes and symptoms.

8- Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia. causes and symptoms.

9- What is acidosis and what is alkalosis?

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

10- Mr. Epperson was lifting a heavy piece of furniture when he experienced crushing pain in his chest, began sweating heavily, and was nauseated. His wife drove him to the hospital, where he was diagnosed with a myocardial infarction (heart attack) and given intravenous drugs to dissolve a clot that was obstructing a major coronary artery. After his hospitalization, Mr. Epperson’s doctor told him that some of his heart muscle had died. Match the questions with the correct answers regarding the cell injury in Mr. Epperson’s heart.

1. Mr. Epperson’s myocytes were initially injured by _______.

2. Ischemia injures cells faster than _______ alone.

3. Reversible myocyte swelling was caused by lack of _______ to fuel ion pumps.

4. Irreversible myocyte injury occurred when mitochondrial and plasma _______ were disrupted.

5. Dissolving the blood clot rescued some myocytes by providing _______ for generating ATP.

6. Dissolving the blood clot damaged some myocytes by _______ injury.

a. hypoxia

b. sodium

c. oxygen

d. ATP

e. ischemia

f. necrosis

g. reperfusion

h. membranes

i. apoptosis