10 Sep Description of the Problem Anemia is a condition that happens when the hemoglobin level

Description of the Problem

Anemia is a condition that happens when the hemoglobin level within the body is lower than the level supposed to be. This, in turn, leads to a decreased level of oxygen being carried to the parts of the body and also a lower case of red blood cells to other tissues. Anemia is prevalent in affecting a wide group range of people; however, pregnant women and children are the most prevalent ones. In a study carried out by (Stevens et al.), they reported that the prevalence of anemia in non-pregnant women, pregnant women, and children is 29, 38, and 43%, respectively. Furthermore, in a study carried out by the WHO, in pregnant women, anemia has been labeled with a level <110g/L. However, other sources have also showcased that anemia is more prevalent in developing countries which have recorded 43% cases, as to developed countries which have recorded 9% cases. However, anemia has been linked to affecting people with different lifestyles and social-economic factors which differ from the different cultures as shown at nursing expert writers. One of the most common complications during pregnancy is anemia. It is frequently regarded as a risk factor for unfavorable pregnancy outcomes and may lead to issues like premature birth that endanger both the mother and the fetus’s lives.

According to global statistics, up to 56% of pregnant women who have recorded cases of anemia are from countries that are still developing. However, its prevalence is higher in pregnant women. The pregnancy chances of preterm birth have been linked more with pregnant women who have reported to have anemia as to pregnant women who do not have anemia. The impaired immune which the mother is subjected to as a result of anemia, and increased cardiac diseases can increase the chances of preterm birth and also other complications that lead to stillbirths. Furthermore, preterm births have also been recorded to be among the leading cause of neonatal deaths. With such increased death rates, it raises the need to be a public health issue within the health sector. The increased costs that hospitals have to incur while taking care of the preterm babies, has made treatment to be more expensive as the hospitals need extra costs. Considering that it is the goal of many hospitals to reduce the cost of treatment being used, there is also the need to reduce the cause of preterm births, which have been linked to being from Anemia in Pregnant women.

Causes of the problem

The amount of blood rises during pregnancy. Therefore, in order to produce more red blood cells, more iron and vitamins are required. Anemia can be brought on by a lack of iron. Although the red blood cell count drops very low, it’s not regarded as odd. The baby utilizes the mother’s red blood cells during pregnancy for development and growth, especially in the final three months. The body can utilize any excess red blood cells that are present in the bone marrow before becoming pregnant. Iron-deficiency anemia can develop in women who don’t have enough iron reserves. Pregnancy-related anemia of this kind is the most prevalent. Prior to becoming pregnant, it’s crucial to eat healthfully to assist build up these reserves. Protein and red blood cells are produced with the help of vitamin B-12. Vitamin B-12 deficiency can be avoided by eating foods derived from animals, such as milk, eggs, meats, and poultry. Vegan women are most prone to suffer from a vitamin B-12 shortage than other groups of women. During pregnancy, strict vegans may require doses of vitamin B-12. B vitamin folic acid, often known as foliate, helps in cell growth when combined with iron. Iron deficiency may result from a lack of folate when pregnant.  In the first trimester it is important for the mother to consume the  folic acid as it will help in the development of the baby and also help the baby evade abnormalities within the spine and the brain. An alternate explanation is that iron deficiency makes erythrocytes and the fetoplacental unit more susceptible to oxidative damage. A key risk factor for preterm birth is maternal infections, which can boost the formation of CRH. Iron deficiency may also raise the risk of these infections. A vitamin B12 deficiency may increase the chance of birth malformations such as malformed neural tubes and premature labor in pregnant women who don’t consume meat, poultry, dairy products, or eggs.

Impact of the problem

Health Impacts

Anemia has several impacts on the health of the baby and also the health of the mother. Anemia in pregnancy is associated with difficulties in breathing, fainting, and feeling tired easily. Mothers with Anemia have also been associated with having high risks of developing perinatal infections, preeclampsia, and also bleeding. In a study carried out by (Moreno-Fernandez & Diaz-Castro, 2019), he also reports that some of the mothers who had anemia showed postpartum cognitive impairments and behavioral difficulties. Anemia during pregnancy prevents the body from receiving enough oxygen-rich blood. They may feel exhausted or weak due to the lack of oxygen. Additionally, they could experience headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath, and an irregular heartbeat (Kang & Sunwoo, 2020).

On the child, anemia can persist and cause Developmental delays and behavioral issues like reduced motor activity, social interaction, and task-focused attention. Numerous studies reveal that iron shortage increases the risk of mild or moderate mental retardation, even if it has not yet developed to the point of Anemia (Safiri & Grieger, 2021). Through pregnancy, there are higher chances of affecting the maternal and fetal wellbeing, which can then proceed to the death of the baby. Having anemia during pregnancy has also been linked with low birth weights, which can also affect the survival chances of the baby too. Iron has been named to be a key factor in the development of the fetus. Iron is important in facilitating the production of new red blood cells, brain cells, and also muscle development. If the baby does not get enough iron which is supposed to come from the mother, there are higher risks that the baby might fail to have enough red blood cells, which can lead to conditions such as anemia.

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Economic impacts

Anemia in pregnant women that leads to preterm birth has health effects and also economic effects that have become a global concern. This health condition has been linked with affecting the global economy both directly and indirectly. Preterm births have been associated with a cost of $26 billion venery year. This is due to the fact that babies that have been born even a week earlier have higher rates of being hospitalized. These babies will currently develop breathing problems that need to be responded to quickly. However, there is also another study carried out by (Walani, 2020), who concludes that up to 15 million babies are born prematurely based on yearly statistics. Of the 1 million numbers that die, up to 75% could have been saved if the current cost-effective intervention were available to all. This shows that even the amounts that are being produced by the WHO for the premature babies to be taken care of are not enough, which leaves others to suffer more. This has put pressure on the World Bank to further look into and provide more money to take care of premature babies. With such, it then conforms that the World Bank is suffering financially while struggling to ensure that they are meeting the finical demands raised. In statistics, children who are not born prematurely may need one or two days in the hospital; however, the children who have been born prematurely tend to stay longer in hospitals (Maier & Zeitlin, 2018). This shows that the medications and also oxygen for some who are not able to breathe on their own will have to be catered for by the hospitals. Instead, if they could have been born mature, then their medications could have been used for other purposes.

Intervention description and how it works

Offering education to women who are trying to conceive and also those who are pregnant on the importance of ensuring that they take foods that will help them have high folic acids and also have a high level of Vitamin C will help reduce the cases of anemia in pregnancy. However, this strategy requires high financial support from the global perception.

To offer education, there will be the need for more health practitioners who will take the roles of offering education. This will also mean that there will be more enrollments in the colleges to meet the demand. According to studies done by (Saepul & Platini, 2019), many women claim that they do not take foods rich in iron as they do not know which foods they are supposed to take to help them. In developing countries, many families have not invested in taking balanced diets. This has been associated with the fact that even though some might know the constitutes of a specific food, they could not