07 Jan Describe how you could use

MATH225 Statistical Reasoning for the Health Sciences

Week 1 discussion

Basic Statistics Data Used in Everyday Life

Present two different types of data, or variables, used in the health field. Examples could be blood pressure, temperature, pH, pain rating scales, pulse oximetry, % hematotcrit, minute respiration, gender, age, ethnicity, among many others. Then classify each of those variables as qualitative vs quantitative as well as nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio and justify your classifications. Finally, explain one type of analysis that could be done with one or both of the variables you selected. Your responses to other students can explain additional analyses that could be done with the variables they selected.

MATH225 Statistical Reasoning for the Health Sciences

Week 2 discussion

Graphing and Describing Data in Everyday Life

Consider two different data sets and then for each data set, propose your idea of what graph would best represent the key information. For each, be sure to include the type of graph along with what would be shown on each axis. The key data in the first data set is a list of all the injuries that a clinic saw in a month. The other data set has key data on the number of minutes that each patient spent in the waiting room of a doctor’s office. You can make assumptions about other information or variables that are included in each data set.

MATH225 Statistical Reasoning for the Health Sciences

Week 3 discussion

The Normal Distribution

Many variables in medicine follow a normal distribution where there are approximately an equal number of values below the mean as above the mean. Describe two variables that would probably follow a normal distribution. Also note which of the two variables would be likely to have a larger standard deviation and why.

As an alternative question, what are some other potential probability distributions in the health care field such as bimodal, skewed, or exponential and give variables that would probably follow that distribution.

MATH225 Statistical Reasoning for the Health Sciences

Week 4 discussion

Probability

Consider when you are listening to a new patient who says they have had a fever for 3 days. You would use your knowledge and experience to come to a diagnosis. What changes those probabilities? Is it age, is it other symptoms, is it new study results? What is the source of these probabilities and what causes these probabilities to change? This discussion is not to debate diagnoses, but to focus on the sources and influences on probabilities.

MATH225 Statistical Reasoning for the Health Sciences

Week 5 discussion

Confidence Intervals

Thinking of the many variables tracked by hospitals and doctors’ offices, confidence intervals could be created for many of them. What variable might be most helpful in your work to be able to create an interval within which 95% of patients would fall? What would limit the ability to create such an interval?

MATH225 Statistical Reasoning for the Health Sciences

Week 6 discussion

Hypothesis Testing

Describe a hypothesis test study that would help your work or conclusions in some way. Describe what variable would be tested and what would be your guess of the value of that variable. Then include how the result, if the null were rejected or not, might change your conclusions or actions in some way.

MATH225 Statistical Reasoning for the Health Sciences

Week 7 discussion

Correlation and Regression

If a regression analysis was to be completed on body mass index (BMI), what could be an independent variable in that analysis? Why? If we could, what other independent variables should be included in the analysis? What statistic(s) would show the value of that regression in understanding BMI?

Alternatively, find an article that uses regression analysis to study a medical concern. In that study, what was the dependent variable and what were the independent variable(s)? Further, how would you use this study to highlight the difference between correlations and causation?

MATH225 Statistical Reasoning for the Health Sciences

Week 2 Lab

Scenario/Summary

This week’s lab highlights the use of graphics, distributions, and tables to summarize and interpret data.

You should follow the directions below to find an academic article from the Chamberlain library and then use that to describe the graphs and tables included. Further, you will describe other ways that the same data could be presented.

Deliverables

The deliverable is a Word document with your answers to the questions posed below based on the article you find. Below is the grading rubric for this assignment.

Category Points % Description (details of each below under “Lab Steps”)

Question 1 10 17% Describing search terms, reasons, and article citation

Question 2

20 33% Describing data in frequency table and one conclusion

Question 3

20

33% Pros and cons of two other presentation options

Grammar and formatting 10 17% Lab is easy to read and follow; correct grammar and spelling; correct APA formatting

Total 60 100% A quality lab will meet or exceed all of the above requirements.

Required Software

Internet

Access the Chamberlain Library online.

Lab Steps

Steps to Complete Week 2 Lab

Step 1: Go to the Chamberlain Library at: https://library.chamberlain.edu (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

Step 2: Click “A-Z List of Databases” (Figure 1 below) then click on the “P” to find “ProQuest Health Research Premium Collection” and click to open that database.

LIBRARY HOME PAGE EXAMPLE (Figure 1)

Step 3: In the Advanced Search (Figure 2 below) type “frequency distribution” along with a one or two word description of an area of interest. For example, you could type “frequency distribution gluten”. In addition, you will want to check the box for “full text”, check the box for “peer reviewed”, and use the Publication Date dropdown box to select “Last 12 months”. In the lower right box for “languages”, be sure to click on “English”. Then click the green button “Search”.

PROQUEST- ADVANCED SEARCH PAGE (FIGURE 2)

Step 4: Select one of the articles found through the search and be sure that a frequency distribution is shown somewhere in the article. If possible, use “full text – PDF” option to glance through it. A frequency distribution will have numeric classes such as 0-9, 10-19, 20-29 and so on. It will not have classes such as female and male. Be sure the classes are numeric. The frequency may be presented as a table or a graph, either is fine.

Step 5: Type answers to the following questions on your lab Word document:

What search term(s) did you use and why did you decide to use that search term? Include how many articles were found and the full APA citation of the article you are using for this lab.

What data are shown in the frequency distribution and why might it be of interest? Include the size of the classes, noting if they are of a consistent size or not. Also include a conclusion that could be made from the frequency distribution. (1 to 2 paragraphs)

How else might these data have been displayed? Discuss pros and cons of 2 other presentation options, such as tables or different graphical displays (1 to 2 paragraphs)

Step 6: Be sure your name is on the Word document, save it, and then submit it under “Assignments” and “Week 2: Lab”.

MATH225 Statistical Reasoning for the Health Sciences

Week 4 Lab

Scenario/Summary

This week’s lab highlights the uses of the normal distribution and the application of the Empirical Rule as well as the Central Limit Theorem.

A data set is described and then you imagine that you are conducting research in that area and some possible results. You determine how those results would be interpreted and used in your field.

Deliverables/Grading Rubric

The deliverable is a Word document with your answers to the questions posed below based on the information provided and the assumptions you make. Below is the grading rubric for this assignment.

Category Points % Description

Question 1 10 17% Empirical rule

Question 2 20 33% Central limit theorem

Question 3 20 33% Normally distributed variables

Grammar and formatting 10 17% Lab is easy to read and follow; correct grammar and spelling

Total 60 100% A quality lab will meet or exceed all of the above requirements.

Required Software

Microsoft Word

Steps to Complete Week 4 Lab

Consider iron levels in a population that have a mean of 15.5 gdL and a standard deviation of 1.6 gdL. You are measuring the iron levels in one patient.

Question 1: Give an example of an iron level from the patient that would be considered unusual. Describe how you determined that such a level would be considered unusual, using the Empirical Rule

Rather than one patient, you are now measuring iron levels from a group of individuals.

Question 2: Assume a specific sample size. This would be the number of individuals in the group. Using that sample size, determine the range within which the group’s average iron level would be consider usual. Describe how you arrived at that range using the Central Limit Theorem and the Empirical Rule.

Consider a specific area of interest to you in the health sciences.

Question 3: Describe 3 variables or measures that would probably follow a normal distribution. Describe why you believe they would follow a normal distribution.

After typing your answers to the three questions, be sure your name is on the Word document, save it, and then submit it under “assignments” and “Week 4: Lab”.

MATH225 Statistical Reasoning for the Health Sciences

Week 6 Lab

Scenario/Summary

The highlight of this week’s lab is confidence intervals and the use of these intervals in the health sciences. There is a short reading that specifically relates confidence intervals to health sciences and then you are asked to demonstrate your knowledge of confidence intervals by applying them in a practical manner.

Deliverables/Grading Rubric

The deliverable is a word document with your answers. This is the only file that should be submitted for this assignment. Below is the grading rubric for this assignment.

Category Points % Description

Part A 10 17% Description of decision or problem

Part B 20 33% How the interval would impact the decision or problem

Part C 20 33% Data collection

Grammar and formatting 10 17% Lab is easy to read and follow; correct grammar and spelling

Total 60 100% A quality lab will meet or exceed all of the above requirements.

Required Software

Microsoft Word

Internet access to read articles

Steps to Complete the Week 6 Lab

Find this article in the Chamberlain Library. Once you click each link, you will be logged into the Library and then click on “PDF Full Text”.

First Article: Confidence Intervals, Part 1 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Second Article: Confidence Intervals, Part 2 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Consider the use of confidence intervals in health sciences with these articles as inspiration and insights.

Describe how you could use confidence intervals to help make a decision or solve a problem in your current job, a clinical rotation, or life situation. Include these elements:

Description of the decision or problem

How the interval would impact the decision and what level of confidence would be most appropriate and why

What data would need to be collected and one such method of how such data could ideally be collected

Save the Week 6 Lab document with your answers and include your name in the title.

Submit the document.