08 Jan Accepted and the null

Question 1

In a research article, you find that r is reported to be 4.8. How would you interpret this finding?

The relationship is reported incorrectly

The relationship is strong

The relationship is moderate

The relationship is weak

Question 2 A square correlation table or matrix presenting Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficients is presented in a research article. Only the upper right triangle of the table is filled in. Is this a problem for the reader?

No, the upper right triangle of the table is a mirror image of the lower left triangle

Yes, the reader has no way of knowing what the relationships are

Yes, it is very hard to read a table that is only half complete

Yes, valuable data is missing

Question 3 The strength of a correlation between two variables is represented by the distance the value is between -1 and 1.0. Which of the following correlations is the strongest?

-.92

.50

.75

.90

Question 4 Many researchers become excited when they identify statistically significant relationships between variables and may interpret this to mean that the relationship is very important. However, when the percentage of variance explained is calculated, the picture becomes less rosy. Which of the following is true about the percentage of variance explained?

All of the above

It is calculated by squaring the r value

The obtained value will be lower than the r value unless there is a perfect correlation

A correlation of .40 would explain only 16% of variance, leaving 84% unexplained

Question 5 Which is an important research precept?

Correlation does not prove causation

Causation does not prove a correlation

Evidence can prove that hypotheses are correct

Evidence can prove that hypotheses are incorrect.

Question 6 In a study examining the relationship between a participant’s age and number of friends, a Pearson r = -.62 was computed. Which of the following best describes this finding?

As age increases the number of friends decreases

As age increases, the number of friends increase

As age decreases, the number of friends decreases

As age increases, the number of friends stays the same.

Question 7 What would a scatter plot look like for a perfect positive relationship?

A diagonal line from lower left to upper right

A diagonal line from upper left to lower right

A straight line near the mean of variable 1

A straight line near the mean of variable 2

Question 8 A nurse researcher wants to describe the relationship between clients’ age and their scores on a 20 item social support scale. Which of the following would the researcher use to present the results of the analysis graphically?

A scatter plot

A crosstabs table

A correlation matrix

A histogram

Question 9 Match the following statistical tests with the level of measurement or other requirement required for each analysis.

Pearson r

Spearman ‘s Rank Order (rho)

Kendall’s Tau

Chi Square

Question 10 Match the purpose of the study with the appropriate research design below. “The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of two factors- self-efficacy and social support, to self management in individuals with epilepsy”.

Correlational research

Descriptive research

Case control design retrospective study

Prospective research

Question 11 What does descriptive research attempt to summarize?

The status of a phenomena

The frequency of a specific event

The effect of a random event

Differences in group membership

Question 12 The _______ hypothesis states that the means of the groups are ______

Null; equal

Null; not equal

Research; equal

Alternative; equal

Question 13 Which of the statements below defines a Type II error?

When you accept a null hypothesis when it is false

When you reject a research hypothesis when it is false

When you accept a research hypothesis which is true

When you accept a null hypothesis when it is true

Question 14 If the null hypothesis was rejected and there was only 1 chance out of 100 that the decision was wrong, what was the alpha level in the study?

.01

.05

.10

.001

Question 15 A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is

Rejected and the null hypothesis is true

Accepted and the null hypothesis is false

Accepted and the null hypothesis is actually true

Rejected and the null hypothesis is not true