08 Jan Chi square test

Question 1When the results of an experiment can confidently be attributed to the effect of the independent variable, the experiment is said to have

Construct validity

Statistical conclusion validity

External validity

Internal validity

Question 2What type of statistics are used to infer that the results from a sample are reflective of the true population scores?

Descriptive

Correlated statistics

Regression

Inferential

Question 3In nursing research, it is most important that the researcher can do which of the following in relation to statistical analysis of data? The researcher should:

Know all the statistical formulas needed to analyze his/her data

Understand the meaning underlying the choice and interpretation of statistics.

Not include a statistician until after the data are colleted.

Be able to perform the statistical analyses without assistance from a statistician

Question 4To which of the examples below could you apply the use of a t-test analysis?

You are looking to see if reaction time is significantly correlated with alcohol consumption

You are testing the prevalence of foot and ankle musculoskeletal disorders experienced by nurses working in an acute care hospital

You are testing whether there is a significant difference in intelligence between rugby players and footballers.

You are looking to see if depression and social support are related

Question 5Of the examples below, which one is describing a within group design?

The researcher conducts a study to examine the difference in coping style between engineering students and biology students.

A group of participants are tested on their recall of a list of words. They are tested immediately, 10 minutes later, 2 hours later and 24 hours later to determine how their scores differ between the three tests

A study is conducted to examine the difference in reading ability in 6 year old children compared with children who are 8 years old.

A study is conducted to see if there is a statistically significant difference in anger expression between cat owners and dog owners.

Question 6A researcher tests the hypothesis that the mean body temperature of residents in a nursing home is 98.6 degrees. Which statistical test could the researcher use?

One sample t test

Chi-squared test

Independent group t test

Mann-Whitney U test

Question 7Which statistical test would you choose for the following hypothesis? “There will be a strong relationship between the number of car accidents an individual has been involved in and their score on a measure of anxiety”.

Dependent t- test

Independent t-test

Pearson product moment correlation

Linear regression

Question 8Many decisions need to be made in selecting the appropriate statistical procedure for a study. Which of the following is the first step in identifying the statistic that will be used?

Specifying the purpose of the study and identifying the hypotheses or research questions

Most statistical analyses can be used in all studies

Decision trees can be used to identify the correct statistical test.

Having a statistician make all the decisions about what analysis is appropriate

Question 9A 95% confidence interval is associated with how many standard deviation (SD) units?

1.96

2.58

1.0

Depends on the test statistic

Question 10A researcher tested the hypothesis that a person’s perceived risk for colorectal cancer was related to his or her cancer screening behavior. With alpha = .05, the hypothesis was not supported. What might be a cause of this result?

The test was underpowered

The alpha level was too conservative

A nonparametric test was inappropriately used

Too many degrees of freedom

Question 11Consider the following hypothesis: The amount of daylight is unrelated to levels of depression in older adults. What type of hypothesis is this?

Null

Alternative hypothesis

Research hypothesis

Nonsignificant hypothesis

Question 12You want to compare the average heart rate of infants, children, teens and adults. You will need to do multiple two sample t tests for this research. Why is the use of t tests inappropriate in this situation?

When there are multiple tests with multiple dependent variables, the Type I error increases

T tests should be used in this situation, knowing that the result may have false positives

Correlation is a more appropriate statistic in this situation

Regression is the appropriate statistic as it enables prediction

Question 13If you decided to make the critical p-value or alpha for significance as 0.001 as opposed to the conventional 0.05, what would the consequences be?

You would be less likely to make a Type I error

There would be fewer instances when the null hypothesis would be rejected

All of the answers

You would be more likely to make a Type II error

Question 14A researcher wants to compare the entrance test scores on XYZ admission test by nursing students at his/her program to national data available on this same admission test. What is the best statistical test to find out whether the program mean admission test score differs significantly from the average national admission test score?

ANCOVA

One sample t test

Chi square test

ANOVA

Question 15 Which of the following is the correct way to report the results of a dependent sample t test?

The t test was significantly different between group one and group two

t = 9.42, p = .001

The high school GPA statistically predicted college mathematics performance, R squared = .12, F (1,148) = 20.18, p < .001 On average, the sample glucose level after the new diet (M=132.7, SE = 0.43) was significantly lower than that before the new diet (M= 155.7, SE = 0.46), t (35) = 8.38, p = .001.