08 Jan rate of medical

What has the IOM consistently highlighted as one solution for insuring safe and quality health care?

B.S.N. program for nurses

An advanced practice degree

Informatics in the nursing clinical experience

The use of health information technologies

Question 2. What is the major factor that impacts the inflow of foreign-born or foreign-educated RN’s?

availability of RN jobs

availability of temporary to permanent housing

availability of employment-based visas

salary and benefits

Question 3. All of the following are examples of medical errors except:

equipment failure

misinterpretation of medical orders

nosocomial infections

diagnostic errors

Question 4. Select the best example of behavior change:

teaching a patient with chronic heart failure about the early symptoms that could lead to an avoidable visit to an emergency room

Helping a patient with chronic heart failure to adjust their own medications in response to symptoms that could lead to an avoidable visit to an emergency room.

paying physicians to keep their offices open longer so that patients with symptoms of heart failure could be seen there instead of having to visit an emergency room.

Giving patients 24 hour access to a nurse to find out if they should take more or less medicine in response to symptoms that could lead to an avoidable visit an emergency room.

Question 5. Population health is best defined:

Distribution of health outcomes within a population, the health determinants that influence distribution, and the policies and interventions that impact the determinants.

Health of a population measured by health status indicators and influences by social, economic, and physical environments, personal health practices, individual capacity and coping skills, human biology, early childhood development and health services.

Aggregate health outcome of health adjusted life expectancy of a group of individuals in an economic framework that balances the relative marginal return from the multiple determinants of health.

A conceptual framework for thinking about why some populations are healthier than others, as well as the policy development, research agenda, and resource allocation that flow from it.

Question 6. Which of the following is responsible for the most deaths in the United States?

Breast cancer

Motor vehicle accidents

AIDS

Medical errors

Question 7. You have a client who has been smoking for more than 20 years and wants to quit. He just signed up for a smoking cessation program that begins next week. What stage of change is he most likely in?

Preparation

Action

Question 8. What was the one rule for invitations to the TIGER summit?

There had to be more informatics professionals than nursing leaders in attendance.

The summit had to garner the attention of healthcare policy makers.

The summit results had to be the next publication in the IOM series on transforming health.

There had to be more nursing leaders than informatics professionals in attendance.

Question 9. Key concepts employed in a population-based approach to health include all of the following except:

Understanding the determinants of health in different populations

Focusing on acute medical care for individuals

Measuring health outcomes on a larger scale

Improving systems of care to improve health care delivery

Question 10. People in the Contemplation stage of change:

Do not plan to change their behavior in the foreseeable future

Changed their behavior more than 6 months ago and have been able to keep it up

Changed their behavior more than 6 months ago but are thinking of giving up

Plan to change their behavior in the next 6 months

Question 11. Which model for the study of the social determinants of disease recognizes two opposing forces: the rights of individuals and the needs of the common good?

Life Course Theory

Theory of Vulnerability

Course of Vulnerability Theory

Infant Life Theory

Question 12. Which of the following is not a factor that influences the value of outcome measures?

Validity and reliability of translations

Physicians’ perceptions and beliefs of patient diagnosis and treatment

Background differences in interviewers or raters

Instrument’s conceptual perspective and population of origin

Question 13. How must the four pillars interact to improve population health?

Education

Management of chronic disease

Patient activation

All of the above

Question 14. The moral tradition that the right action is one that maximizes the benefits to the greatest number of persons is called:

Casuistry

Deontology

Utilitarianism

Principalism

Question 15. Which element that does not fit in the five segments of population health status:

Wellness (

)

Acute illness (

)

Catastrophic illness (

)

Epidemic illness (

)

At risk (

)

Chronic illness

Instructor Explanation:

Question 16. Publicly funded home and community-based services for chronic illness have traditionally focused on:

short-term solutions to chronic illness

collaboration with medical services

subsidized housing

Medicare reimbursement for waiver programs

Question 17. Which of the following statements is not true of allied health professionals?

Allied health professionals comprise the majority of the health care workforce.

Allied health professionals typically attend 4-year or post-graduate educational programs in senior colleges and universities.

Allied health professionals decrease the cost of patient care.

Allied health professionals represent over 85 distinct occupations.

Question 18. Select the one best definition of Health Promotion:

Increasing the use of activities such as dieting and exercise to reduce the future burden of disease

Any media-based campaign that draws attention to healthy behaviors in the general population

Enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health

A focused initiative that seeks to increase an activity that has direct health benefits to society; for example, wearing seat belts.

Question 19. Which of the following is the best example of a health disparity?

Persons from a certain zip code consistently have longer waits in the emergency room prior to being seen by a physician

Persons from a certain zip code consistently get their medications from a certain pharmacy, compared to another

Persons with fair skin are noted to have a greater incidence of skin cancer

Newborn children are inconsistently given immunizations against hepatitis B

Question 20. Which process of change would you most likely use to help someone move from the precontemplation stage to the contemplation stage of change?

Consciousness raising (becoming informed)

stimulus control (manage your environment)

counter conditioning (use alternatives)

reinforcement management (use rewards)

Question 21. Which definition best describes ethics?

A set of laws that public health officials must follow.

The beliefs that everyone in society must hold in order to be part of that society.

A system of values that we feel are important to who we are which can guide our decision-making.

A set of rules that only apply to population health research.

Question 22. Which of the following form a foundation for population health?

Scientific evidence

Health care delivery

Policies

All of the above

Question 23. Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?

Mammograms to detect early stage breast cancer

An educational campaign that helps young adults avoid unwanted pregnancy

Using an ultrasound machine at a community fair to find individuals with blocked arteries in their neck who are at risk for stroke

All of the above

Question 24. For which group is the population of those aged 90 and over supposed to be the highest by the year 2070?

Whites

Blacks

Hispanics

Asian/Pacific Islanders

Question 25. Which of the following is one of the five categories of 30 safe practices that can work to reduce or prevent adverse events?

Providing generic settings or processes of care

Decreasing safe medication use

Matching healthcare needs with services delivery capability

Facilitating unclear communication

Question 26. Behavior and prevention are important components of which pillar?

Health policy

Quality and safety

Chronic care management

Public health

Question 27. Why do some interest groups struggle to be heard whiles others have greater access to policy makers?

Nurses have typically dominated physicians in policy debates.

The interests of community hospitals often outweigh those of the academic medical centers.

Consumer advocacy groups carry more weight than the business community in regard to policies related to health insurance.

Policies and programs that are most reflective of the strongest interests in the healthcare field have greatest chance of being taken under consideration.

Question 28. The IOM proposes a core set of competencies for all health professions which includes all of the following except:

Work in interdisciplinary teams

Employ evidence-based practice

Provide disease-centered care

Utilize informatics

Question 29. What is the name of the process that seeks to strengthen the viability and competitive position of an agency or organization?

Accreditation

Licensure

Credentialing

Certification

Question 30. What comprises the largest single portion of spending in the healthcare sector?

Hospital costs

Cost-per-patient

Ambulatory costs

Pharmaceuticals

Question 31. What is the name of the theory that suggests that risk factors for adults are a function of biological programming during critical periods of growth and development?

Life Course Theory

Theory of Vulnerability

Course of Vulnerability Theory

Infant Life Theory

Question 32. At the federal level, which group is responsible for administering programs created by Congress?

Health Resources and Services Administration

Department of Health and Human Services

State health department

Department of Medicare Services

Question 33. Which of the following is an example of Traditional Chinese medicine? (Select all that are correct.)

Chiropractic

Herbals

Acupuncture

Polarity

Points Received: 3.75 of 5

Question 34. Primary prevention is:

Preventive screening for early detection

Decreasing complications and comorbidities

Health promotion and disease prevention

Avoidance of disease

Question 35. Which of the following, according to the WHO, is NOT one of the factors controlled by humankind that are contributing to the threats against public health security?

false sense of security with a reduction in acute infectious disease outbreaks

inadequate animal husbandry and food processing practices

policy changes that undermine evidence-based public health interventions

adequate investment in public health

Question 36. Education and advocacy is the focus of which pillar?

Health policy

Quality and safety

Chronic care management

Public health

Question 37. Historically what was the dominant group shaping health policy?

Physicians

Nurses

Patients

Pharmaceutical manufacturers

Question 38. Prescription drug programs may feature

Drug Formularies

Mail order programs

Incentives to use generic drugs

All of the above

Question 39. Which movement is Margaret Sanger credited with?

college education for nurses

medical malpractice

family planning

none of the above

Question 40. The consumer-based group that provides information on how well hospitals provide recommended care for specific conditions is:

AARP

Sorry Works! Coalition

Hospital Compare

Ralph Nader’s Raiders

Question 41. Learning methods that are recommended in a population-health framework for health professions education include the use of:

Service-learning

Problem-based learning

Interdisciplinary education

All of the above

Question 42. What is the purpose of the TIGER initiative?

To identify action plan goals that could be accomplished by the organization

To identify seven key foci within the healthcare ecosystem

To identify information/ knowledge management best practices and effective technology capabilities for nurses

To interweave enabling technologies transparently into nursing practice and education

Question 43. Which of the following is the best measure of the health of a population?

vitality

rates of disease

prevalence of risk factors

immunization rates

Question 44. Which of the following is NOT a central value to guide population health?

respect for persons

prevention of harm

eradication of disease

Social justice

Question 45. What is the host important manifestation of the transformation of U.S. health care in the 20th century?

defining medical care in terms of prevention and comfort

centralizing care in increasingly complex institutions

hospitals charging for services and opening their doors to private practitioners

decentralizing care in social service institutions

Question 46. Who was identified as the beneficiary of the TIGER initiative?

Patients

Doctors

Nursing educators

Nursing workforce

Question 47. What is the key to expert power in an organization?

how many stakeholders have such power

the proximity of stakeholders with such power

intensity of power as perceived by others

legitimacy as perceived by others

Question 48. Which pillar of population health focuses on healthcare delivery and processes?

Health policy

Quality and safety

Chronic care management

Public Health

Question 49. Which of the following was not a cause of the shift in the balance of power between the government and doctors in the 1980’s?

government was one of the largest payers of health services

increasing cost of care

rate of medical innovation and the aging of the population

orientation of the healthcare system toward “cure” vs. “care”

Question 50. What are the key principles from the individual perspective of the Theory of Vulnerability?

dependence and autonomy

interdependence and autonomy

dependence and restraint

independence and autonomy