15 Jan the ability to decrease

C04V Introduction to Psychology

LESSON 2 EXAM

Question 1Dissociation and selective attention are two possible explanations for the phenomenon of __________.

Question options:

hypnotic analgesia

dissociative personality disorder

posthypnotic suggestion

hypnotic regression

Question 2Sheri has been having difficulty sleeping lately, and the problem has gotten bad enough that it is interfering with her daily functioning. At the suggesting of her physician, she goes to a sleep laboratory to see if something treatable is going on. The sleep specialists want to study her brain activity while she sleeps, so which of the following instruments is she most likely to be connected to during the night in the lab?

Question options:

an EMG machine

an EKG machine

an EEG machine

an ESP machine

Question 3What has science suggested is the reason for the rapid eye movement that occurs in human beings while they are experiencing vivid dreams?

Question options:

Dreams are visual in nature, and the eyes are responding to these intrapsychic images. This explains why even blind people experience the rapid eye movements of REM sleep.

Dreams are mediated by the frontal lobes of the cerebrum, which are located just behind and above the eyes. This explains why most of the eye movements are directed upward.

Rapid eye movement is a leftover reflex from an early stage of human development, when the eyelids were transparent nictitating membranes that allowed us to continue “seeing” (through our eyelids. while we slept. This allowed us to unconsciously monitor our surroundings for predators.

The eye movements of REM sleep are the result of an overflow to the active nervous system.

Question 4Many over-the-counter remedies have names that resemble the actual chemical or physiological mechanism that they impact. Which of the following product names would be most likely to affect your ability to sleep?

Question options:

Superseratone

Dopaminex

Melatonex

Adrenalaccel

Question 5While many Eastern cultures and religions value meditation as a way of directing consciousness away from worldly preoccupations, __________ meditation involves a focused awareness of everything you experience.

Question options:

hyper-alert

omnipresent

mindfulness

sentient

Question 6Franklin had a dream last night that he was floating down a river in a boat with no oars. He had no motor, no sail, and no way of controlling the boat. According to Freud, the manifest content of this dream is __________.

Question options:

feeling like some part of his life is out of control

being resentful at his parents for not giving him a firm “direction” in life

floating down a river in a boat with no way to steer or control the boat

being terrified that he is getting married tomorrow

Question 7Researchers have discovered that susceptibility to hypnosis may be linked to efficiency of the __________ in the brain.

Question options:

striate nucleus

frontal system

corpus callosum

cerebral meninges

Question 8After a very long day at work, Alisa fell asleep much earlier than usual, somewhere around 7:30 p.m. The television in her bedroom was left on, and she slept right through the baseball game that was televised between 8:30 and 11:30 p.m. The next morning, on her way to work, she had a vague sense that her home team had won the game 7-6 in extra innings. Amazingly, the announcer came on the air a few moments later and reported that the home team had won last night in an amazing extra-innings game, with a final score of 7-6. Alisa probably should not go to work as a psychic, because her knowledge of the baseball game’s outcome was a result of __________.

Question options:

activation synthesis

subliminal encoding

nonsomnia

hypnopedia

Question 9__________ is defined as the natural loss of consciousness.

Question options:

Hypnosis

Sleep

A coma

Syncope

Question 10What sort of changes in brain waves do people experience when they are in a deeply meditative or relaxed state?

Question options:

Their brain shows brain wave activity that approximates the changes associated with the ingestion of a hallucinatory drug, like marijuana or PCP.

Their brain shows brain wave activity that actually shuts down completely for brief periods of time, which explains the transcendental state associated with meditation.

Their brain shows brain wave activity that is similar to that seen during sleep.

Their brain shows unchanged brain wave activity, suggesting that the effects of meditation are more of a psychiatric illusion than a physical event.

Question 11Jared is attending a comedy hypnosis show with his girlfriend, and he agrees to come up on stage and be hypnotized by the performer. While he is in a trance, he is given an instruction to flap his arms like a chicken and grunt like a gorilla as he runs through the crowd. Because Jared is usually a rather quiet and laid-back person, what do you think is most likely to happen when he “wakes up” from his trance?

Question options:

He is going to experience a new deep-seated fear of hypnosis, comics, and nightclubs, because the experience will set up a conflict that his rooted in his unconscious.

He is most likely to go back to his seat and sit quietly, because hypnosis cannot make us do things that we would not willingly do in our regular lives.

He is most likely to do exactly what the performer instructed him to do, because hypnosis is effective at getting us to act in direct contravention to our own personality.

He is going to have a delayed response and will start acting like animals in several hours, because it will take time for the hypnotic suggestion to overcome his personality reservations.

Question 12Generally speaking, at what point in a twenty-four-hour period is our body temperature going to be at its peak, or highest?

Question options:

immediately after our biggest meal

when we first wake up

at midday

right before bedtime

Question 13How do scientists know that night terrors are not simply an extension of nightmares?

Question options:

Because night terrors occur in stage 1 of NREM sleep, while nightmares occur in stage 2 of NREM sleep.

Because night terrors occur in stage 2 of NREM sleep, while nightmares occur in REM sleep.

Because night terrors occur in REM sleep, while nightmares occur in stage 4 of NREM sleep.

Because night terrors occur in stage 4 of NREM sleep, while nightmares occur in REM sleep.

Question 14What is the reason why REM sleep is referred to as paradoxical sleep?

Question options:

The neurons in the central nervous system reverse polarity and thus reverse the charges of the action and resting potentials during REM sleep. This reversal is “undone” when we shift into NREM sleep.

The restorative purpose of sleep is actually reversed during REM sleep, and it drains rather than restores our energy stores.

The muscles of the body remain relaxed even though the brain is very active.

The EEG activity in the brain during REM sleep suggests that we start at stage 4 sleep and go backward to stage 1 sleep. During NREM sleep, we start at stage 1 sleep and go up to stage 4 sleep.

Question 15Which of the following types of brain wave activity is generally seen as one of the dominant types during stage 1 sleep?

Question options:

zeta waves

echo waves

delta waves

theta waves

Question 16Which of the following is probably the best explanation for why many people claim that they don’t dream

Question options:

The pituitary excretions in their brains do not activate the message of the thalamus while they sleep, so they do not experience “sensory events,” or dreams, in their sleep.

The dorsolateral hypothalamus in their brains is not actively connected to the ventromedial hypothalamus, and so they are incapable of coding their REM experiences as dreams.

They do not experience the daily events, both positive and negative, that stimulate dream activities.

They simply do not remember their dreams; however, if they were awakened during a REM stage, they would be much more likely to remember a dream that they just woke up from.

Question 17Abdulkadir had a very strange thing happen to him last night. He was sound asleep in bed, and he was dreaming that he was at a party when he won the $250 million-dollar lottery spin. As everyone was screaming, jumping up and down, and celebrating, Abdulkadir had the strangest sensation that he was actually dreaming. As it turns out, unfortunately, he was right. What principle explains this experience?

Question options:

lucid dreaming

conscious dreaming

unconscious dreaming

sentient dreaming

Question 18How many stages of sleep are there in human beings?

Question options:

three

four

five

six

Question 19Which of the following has been demonstrated by research as a skill or ability that is induced via meditation?

Question options:

the ability to decrease metabolism

the ability to cure bacterial infections without medication

the ability to lower body temperature

the ability to decrease intelligence

Question 20Stosh is a very deep sleeper. His college roommates know that when he is very deep into __________ sleep, it might be extremely difficult to wake him up, and if they do manage to get him awake he will be groggy and disoriented.

Question options:

stage 1

stage 2

stage 4

REM